Contract of Service or Contract of Employment Research Paper

Agreement of Service or Contract of Employment - Research Paper Example In another ongoing case in particular Express and Echo Publications Ltd v. Tanton (1999), the Court of Appeal held that if an individual isn't required to work actually, he was not a representative. In one more instance of 2001, MacFarlane v Glasgow City Council (2001), the Employment Appeals Tribunal recognized the above Tanton case. The Glasgow City Council had connected with athlete mentors at the different focuses of the gathering. In the event that a mentor couldn't take a class, she could substitute herself by another tumbler who was on the affirmed rundown of mentors kept up by the chamber. The substitutes were paid by the gathering and not the athlete coach. In Tanton case, the substitute could be from outside and he was paid by the individual and not the business. In this manner he was not expected to turn up for work and could send a substitute at a lesser cost and make a benefit out of it. He himself turned into the ace. In a prior instance of O’Kelly v Trusthouse F orte Plc (1983), normal casuals were held to be not representatives since there was no commonality of commitment and they were just kept as backup. In spite of the fact that the court of Appeal attempted to give a finding that they were representatives, since they had no business of their own, that the business had powerful authority over the easygoing laborers, that there were order and complaint methods, that they should take authorization to take off from rostered obligations, the way that they were independently employed, uncovered that there was no commonality of commitment i.e the laborers didn't reserve the option to guarantee work if not offered nor they were under commitment to acknowledge work whenever offered with work.

Epistemology and Skepticism Essay Example for Free

Epistemology and Skepticism Essay * Epistemology and Skepticism: How does The Matrix show the test of incredulity about the outer world? Clarify, talk about, and fundamentally assess the fantasy contention for complete epistemological doubt. Be certain your exposition incorporates a conversation of either Hospers or Crumley IIs analysis of complete epistemological incredulity. Is finished epistemological doubt a consistently lucid hypothesis? Bolster your answer with an all around contemplated contention liberated from any significant blunders of truth, paradox or sensible inconsistency. I. Presentation * The framework addresses the idea of the real world. * How would we be able to know for sure that the world is how we see it and not only a cover over our eyes? * Explain film caught in virtual world accepting they are in 21st century * Explanation proposes question, what is genuine? II. Central matters. * Main Character Morpheus: â€Å"What is ‘real’? How would you characterize ‘real’? On the off chance that genuine is essentially what you can feel, smell, taste and see, at that point ‘real’ is just electrical signs deciphered by your mind. † * Consequently, â€Å"How would we be able to be certain our mind isn’t being deceived by some reenactment to accept things are genuine, when they aren’t? This is the manner by which lattice proposes the test of epistemological doubt. * Hallucination contention: Modus Tollens, question sufficiency (legitimate) 1. On the off chance that we gangs information (K) we should have the option to preclude the chance of efficient pipedream (S). K S 2. ~S (the framework theory. ) (MT 1) 3. ~ K ( MT 1 2) * One arguer against suspicion: John Hospers * Merely verbal * Skeptics take solid feeling of the word information, must have verification consistently * Others utilize frail sense, which means we possibly need confirmation or proof just when somebody is demonstrating something else. * Doubt is a vacant word. * Basic point: when a test has been never really question we have a valid justification to trust it is valid, in this manner we have information. III. End * Skeptics accept information is impractical, for this situation the mental trip contention demonstrates the premises are valid through Modus Tollens. In spite of the fact that the contention is sound, it is foolish in light of the fact that cynics accept they realize that they don’t truly â€Å"know† anything. In addition, complete epistemological doubt is definitely not a consistently intelligent view on the grounds that the contention being guaranteed would require the individual to have information to lead such contention.

Malcolm X :: essays research papers

The social equality development was an exceptionally exhausting period in American history, this period advanced social and financial autonomy for blacks. So as to join together and to more readily spread the messages of the social equality development to different blacks all through the nation many dark associations pick pioneers with ground-breaking talking aptitudes to spread there messages. One of the most persuasive pioneers of the social liberties development was a youthful Muslim minister by the name of Malcolm X. Malcolm Little was conceived on May 19, 1925, the child of Louise and Earl Little of Omaha, Nebraska. Louise Little was a mulatto conceived in Grenada in the British West Indies. What's more, Earl Little was a Baptist priest and coordinator for Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association. Louise, his subsequent spouse, bore six kids: Wilfred, Hilda, Philbert, Malcolm, Yvonne, and Reginald. Duke Little likewise had three kids by a first spouse: Ella, Earl, and Mary. Little had moved with his family from Philadelphia to the midwest, first to Milwaukee, at that point Omaha, lastly to East Lansing, Mich. In 1929 the family house was burned to the ground, by racial oppressors. After Earl Little kicked the bucket in 1931 of every a trolley mishap, Malcolm's mom in the long run had a psychological breakdown and entered an inside haven. The kin were scattered to different families. Malcolm lived with a temporary family before moving to Roxbury, Mass., in 1941 to live with a stepsister, Ella Collins. A couple of months after his appearance in Roxbury, a transcendently dark area of Boston, Malcolm dropped out of school (having finished eight evaluation) and accepting work as a shoeshine kid at the Roseland Ballroom in Boston's Back Bay segment. A vocation as a trickster appeared to be an all the more enticing alternative, and he was before long selling opiates. Roxbury end up being unreasonably little for him, and in 1942 he accepting a vocation as a railroad eating vehicle doorman, working out of Roxbury and Harlem. Settling in Harlem, he got engaged with theft, prostitution, and opiates. Following a year in Harlem Malcolm was formally started into hawker society. He came back to Boston in 1945 after a dropping out with another trickster, and proceeded with an existence of wrongdoing, framing his own home ransacking posse. He was captured for burglary in February 1946, and was indicted and condemned to jail for a long time. While in jail, Malcolm turned into a supporter of Elijah Muhammad, the pioneer of a little, urban clique, the Nation of Islam, with branches in Detroit, Chicago, and New York.

Public Health Preparedness Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

General Health Preparedness - Research Paper Example Then again, handy demonstrations of viciousness like dread bombardments brings about physical wounds and demise. Wellbeing and security are connected since representatives inside a human services foundation can't convey their administrations with absolute significant serenity when there is an approaching risk of brutality. Then again, tension in the general public coming about because of fear dangers can't empower people to hold their physical and mental parts healthy. In such manner, human services organizations ought to guarantee readiness of their frameworks to deal with crisis circumstances brought about by weakness frequencies. Before analyzing the fundamental readiness measures, it merits recognizing the real impacts of uncertainty to social insurance conveyance. Initially, fear based oppressors and any culprits of uncertainty don't have any significant bearing separation while choosing their battlegrounds. Self destruction planes can even stroll into a hospital’s sickbay loaded with patients and explode a touchy gadget. This implies savagery and fear mongering renders a social insurance office shaky. As per Gilliam and Yates (2012), feelings of trepidation winning inside a medicinal services condition with instability sabotage the degree of skill showed by specialists and attendants while treating patients. Aside from unreliable human services condition, brutality and fear based oppression causes monstrous losses, some of which might be in basic conditions. Typically, a human services office with 600-bed limit doesn't have a crisis division to have 300 patients in basic condition. This implies rate s of frailty like fear bombardments may settle on viability of a human services office as far as limit. In this manner, it is prudent for social insurance office administrators to make feed while the sun sparkles; by guaranteeing intensive readiness for unavoidable crisis circumstances. In human services administration conveyance, crisis circumstances require work of relating reaction systems. During groundwork for up and coming crisis circumstances,

Tips on How to Reduce Your Anxiety

Tips on How to Reduce Your Anxiety GAD Coping Print Strategies to Reduce Your Anxiety By William Meek Updated on February 24, 2020 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Hero Images / Getty Images Everyone worries about things sometimes. But people with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) experience an exaggerated amount of worry, which can become debilitating. Why We Worry Worrying is a cognitive symptom of anxiety. ?At a moderate level, anxiety can be helpful. It motivates a person to take something seriously, to solve a problem, to consider the implications of his or her actions, or to search for reassurance. Is Anxiety Ever Helpful? Sometimes, a person can become stuck in a state of worry that isnt helpful. Here are six strategies to reduce worry and ease anxiety. Make a Plan One thing people often worry about is unforeseen circumstances. Sometimes there are things happening in our lives that are out of our control, such as getting hired for a job. One way to cope with situations like these is to make plans for different possible outcomes. Make a plan as detailed as you need to determine your course of action if you do or do not get the job, which hopefully will take away some of the worry. Do You Have Work Anxiety? Rehearse People also often worry about performances and presentations in front of peers. For school, jobs, and our social lives, we frequently have to make presentations, speak publicly, or talk to friends about something difficult. One way to reduce worry in these situations is to rehearse exactly what you are going to say and do as many times as you need to feel comfortable. Attend to Your Physical Health When our bodies are in optimal health, we have more mental resources available to cope with stress, solve problems, and control our worrying. Health Habits That Can Increase Anxiety Achieve optimal physical health by eating a healthier diet, sleeping more, and being more physically active. It can have dramatic effects on your mood and your ability to cope. Discover the Real Source of Anxiety Sometimes a person worries about things that are a distraction from the things that are really bothering him or her. For example, worrying about an outfit to wear the next day, which provides a distraction from worrying about what is really bothering them, such as a quarrel with a loved one. Being able to trace the source of your anxiety and worry can help you regain control of the situation and take steps to address what is really troubling you. Put Anxiety in The Proper Context A hallmark sign of generalized anxiety disorder is magnifying and worrying about small things, making them more important than they really are. Taking a step back to put your worries into their proper context can be a quick way to reduce their intensity. Break Your Worries Down Worrying tends to make us build a giant mountain of fear and anxiety in our minds, and eventually, we lose sight of what is actually part of the mountain. Taking some time to break down and list the things that are troubling you is a great way to get a handle on things and allows you to make several smaller plans of action, rather than being crippled by having to climb a mountain. How to Reduce Anxiety Attacks

Socioeconomic Status and Childhood Obesity - Free Essay Example

Introduction Over the last few years, the rates of obesity among both children and adults have been on the rise (Rogers et al., 2015). One impact that can increase the risk of someone becoming obese is their socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic status encompasses more than just the financial resources that someone has access to, it is more of an accumulation of income, occupation, and education (Socioeconomic Status, n.d.). Ones socioeconomic status can impact not only access to resources, but also privilege and control (Socioeconomic Status, n.d.). This paper is going to prove the relationship between poor socioeconomic status and childhood obesity in rural communities. Background The American Heart Association describes obesity as a person who has a body mass index (BMI) of over 30, in other words you weigh 20% more than your ideal weight (Obesity Information, 2014). Nearly 70 percent of adults in America fall into this overweight or obese category, so it is a fairly common affliction in this country (Obesity Information, 2014). When it comes to American youth, about one in three children aged 2-19 are obese (Obesity Information, 2014). And unfortunately research shows that children that are obese are more likely to be obese once they reach adulthood (Cole et al., 2000). Obesity can also be dangerous for your health. It is a known risk factor of high blood pressure, diabetes, sleep apnea, heart disease, and even certain cancers (Obesity Information, 2014). Childhood obesity also has its slew of more specific risk factors. Child development can be curbed by the mechanical stress caused by the access weight, as well as consequences of adipose tissue disrupting normal organ function (Lutfiyya et al., 2012). Even more rarely discussed is the psychological impact that being overweight has on the development of young children and teens (Lutfiyya et al., 2012). Children living in rural areas are also at a higher risk of poverty, no health insurance, no preventive care in the past year, and little physical activity (Lutfiyya et al., 2012). Obesity is not a disease that develops overnight. This is a chronic condition that can take years to slowly manifest. It is a learned and repeated habit of eating too much and exercising too little (Harvard Health Publishing, 2017). There are a few other indicators like that some individuals are genetically more likely to become obese, but the largest risk factor is the link to behavior (Harvard Health Publishing, 2017). The modern worlds heavily sedentary lifestyle is another factor, for example an average American spends 4 hours watching television a day (Harvard Health Publishing, 2017). An activity that expends little to no calories compared to walking or other types of exercises. One piece of research that is proving to be very interesting is the role of food advertisements in this cycle. Harvard Health Publishing explains that the average television episode hosts around 11 food and beverage commercials, which are literally created and aired to encourage people to consume (2017). Health research also uncovered that eating while watching television could stimulate viewers to consume more calories in total, especially calories that come from fatty foods (Harvard Health Publishing, 2017). Moreover, when researchers would limit the amount of television that kids would watch, it actually had a positive impact on their health and they lost weight (Harvard Health Publishing, 2017). But this act wasnt because of the actual lack of screen time that they children were experiencing, it was discovered that there is a positive correlation between the hours of TV and the hours of snacking (Harvard Health Publishing, 2017). So its more than just watching television that can be dangerous to ones health, its also the mindless snacking that often occurs simultaneously. There are a lot of programs and groups in the United States today that work to target the increasingly high rates of obesity, especially in children. Each of them have a pretty similar premise; education about exercise and healthy eating that will lead to positive life long habits, as well as a link to their schools and parental involvement. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has a program called The Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model. This program supports school aged children with nutritional education, physical activity, community and family engagement, and the application of school health services (Healthy Schools, 2018). One familiar program is the Lets Move! program started by Michelle Obama. This model is also target at school aged children, getting them to move more and eat healthier. One big caveat here is that it worked on a larger scale within the education system itself. Obama used her platform to successfully work with legislation to have the public school systems lunch menus changed, in order to provide healthier and less caloric options to children (Learn the Facts, n.d.). This program has proved to be effective however, especially in how they are utilizing public service announcements (PSAs) to share their information (Georgiadis, 2013). Their PSAs encourage viewers to eat better and exercise more, and their health messages are also in line with the health belief model and social cognitive theory (Georgiadis, 2013). Legislation does play a large role in the fight against childhood obesity. As public knowledge increases, health policies have been put in place to try and curb this problem. In a three year study performed by Brownson et al.; there were 717 bills introduced, and 123 of them were adopted (2007). The majority of which were at the state level, which is where many of the health policy decisions are made (Brownson et al., 2007). Target Population Children are a very unique group to work with in the public health setting. They are one of the few populations that do not have complete control over their environments. Children are dependent on the environment that their parents create for them, for worse or for better. In rural settings this can mean the specific geography. If their parents own a house that is over an hour from the nearest emergency medical facility or fresh food outlet, the child has little ability to make a difference in his/her outcome. Consequently, studies show that youth growing up in rural locations are at a higher risk of becoming obese (Liu et al., 2012). Liu et al. performed a cross sectional analysis of both urban and rural children and found that on average rural children ate more calories, at less fruit, and exercised less than their urban counterparts (2012). Lutfiyya et al. found that rural children are actually 25 percent more likely to become obese or overweight compared to urban children (2012). Oftentimes with children it is the habits that they develop when young that carry over into adulthood. So poor eating and physical activity habits, as well as childhood obesity, will follow them and could lead to obesity in adulthood. Demographics of rural households tend to be very different from urban households however. The most recent US Census noted that there are lower rates of poverty in rural communities compared to urban ones, but parents are less likely to have achieved any higher education above high school level (US Census Bureau, 2016). It is also notable that rural American has lower household income medians, but also lower household expenses like mortgage (US Census Bureau, 2016). These factors can definitely impact that amount of financial resources and education that families have to focus on providing healthy choices and access to physical activity. As previously mentioned, children are a difficult target population to work with especially when trying to measure socioeconomic status. But both parental education level and average household income have been used to explain variability in childhood obesity (Whitaker Orzol, 2006). Some recent research on the correlation of geography and obesity does add another layer. Fang et al. has noted that although obesity is not contagious, it is considered to be a social contagion (2018). Social contagion is the idea that individuals who spend a significant amount of time together will often adopt the same habits, in this case it is obesity. In rural America children are often interacting with the same people at home, at school, and in public spaces. It is here that the social contagion effect can take place. Overweight children will begin to associate with one another and with the help of social norming, the likelihood of them continuing to be overweight or obese will increase (Fang et al., 2018). When you take into account that growing up in a rural community increases your chances of living in the same state of birth, then it can be seen that this social contagion is cyclical (US Census Bureau, 2016). Integration of the Health Issue and Target Population There are also some fickle cultural anomalies that researchers may find when working with rural populations. Holmes and Levy describe the importance of community connection in their research among rural communities (2015). Rural community members tend to take care of each other and work together towards a greater good (Holmes Levy, 2015). Their interactions with doctors are also very different, rural patients dont tend to be very engaging with physicians. They would prefer to be told what is wrong and how they can remedy it, and that is the end of the interaction (Holmes Levy, 2015). These communities also see structural challenges like care affordability, distance, and actual availability of services needed (Holmes Levy, 2015). Most notable is the view of health services. Rural communities tend to see health services as more of a crisis intervention than a preventative measure (Holmes Levy, 2015). People in these areas just dont seek out medical care unless there is already a problem. These behaviors can serve as a risk factor because many complications associated with obesity may go undetected until it becomes dangerous, like diabetes or heart disease. On top of these intangible, cultural preferences there is more and more research that is discovering the importance of built environments as well. When it comes to rural areas, the built environments often dont have the same resources that one might find in urban communities. The lack of a dynamic built environment can lead to a sedentary lifestyle (Lutfiyya et al., 2012). Some factors that could be beneficial to communities and lower obesity include access to parks, exercise facilities, sidewalks, public transportation, and physical education classes (Lutfiyyya et al., 2012). Some positives to this tight knit community feel is that people are also looking out for one another. So this could help as members might encourage one another to seek medical attention. The largest positive to working with children is that if the parents are supportive, it is easier to get child buy in. Because they are still wards of their parents, they are at the mercy of their parents decisions. So if mom and dad are willing to encourage physical activity and buy healthier food options there should be great impacts on the habits of the children. But parents can also hinder a childs progression, as they are the sole-providers. Without parental support children will not have the necessary control over their environment to makes lasting changes, especially if they are very young. Theory to Address the Health Issue Many theories require a person to have complete control over their environment, like the Social Action Theory and the Social Cognitive Theory (DiClemente et al., 2013). These theories can be used to create a health program to target childhood obesity, but children dont have a lot of control so they would have to be aimed at changing parental beliefs. The Transtheoretical Model of Change (TMC) is applicable in health promotion for this health issue. This model utilizes many theories to create lasting behavior change among the target population (DiClemente et al., 2013). Because when working with children there are so many stakeholders, this allowance of ambiguity will help increase the strength of the program. The TMC recognizes that lasting change takes work, and people will move in all directions in between its stages (DiClemente et al., 2013). Understanding that health behavior change includes some failed efforts and missteps will be critical in creating a framework for a program that will target families. Processes of change (POC) within the TMC could also be helpful in working with rural residents. Environmental reevaluation is going to be a critical piece when education parents about how their decisions all have consequences for their children (DiClemente et al., 2013). This POC can be used to demonstrate to parents that they are role models for their children, and if they are obese their children are more likely to pick up those same bad habits. Another POC that could be utilized in rural towns is helping relationships (DiClemente et al., 2016). Creating programs that values relationship building and accountability buddies would work well with their desire to have strong communal ties. These ties could link participants to another POC called self-liberation. If the focus of this health program is fellowship, having participants share their goals with one another could also help people feel empowered to stick with their goals (DiClemente et al., 2016). The theory that could be the most useful in addressing this health issue is the Diffusion Theory. This theory explains how innovations and changes spread among a specifically targeted population (DiClemente et al., 2013). Diffusion Theory suggests that if someone sees another person adopt an innovation and acquire a positive outcome, they are more likely to attempt this innovation themselves. There is a framework for how to make your innovation, or health practice, adoptable for your audience. Interpersonal communication is very important to this theory, including the concept of homophily, when 2 or more people share values or norms (DiClemente et al., 2013). As discussed by Holmes and Levy, this often proves to be a major theme of rural communities in America (2015). In the case of socioeconomic status and childhood obesity, this Diffusion Theory is going to help get parents on board and excited about making changes for the family. It is also going to utilize the close knit culture of rural towns. Because people are more likely to try something that they see their neighbors doing successfully, it should help integrate a program into this community. Parents might not have access to large financial resources that will allow them to move away from their current environment or start buying completely organic, but utilizing the strong community ties already in place is going to fight obesity and socioeconomic challenges. Move more and eat less, this is a simple message that can be adapted by anyone â€Å" no matter your education level or occupation. Diffusion theory uses four elements to outline the dissemination of innovation. Innovation, communication, time, and the social system (DiClemente et al., 2013). Innovation is important because it includes the new health habits, like exercising more and eating healthier. Communication is about how the message is spread, what channels are used and relationships are built. Time will be used to ensure that the outcomes are positive and relevant. And then finally the social systems role is probably the largest in this community. It includes the cultures, norms, and other boundaries of the diffusion within the rural community (DiClemente et al., 2013). Diffusion Theory relies on human interaction, word of mouth, and basic observation of others in order to be successful. Each of these are characteristics of rural residency. If a health program can integrate into a community, and its creators/implementers can develop relationships within that community it will have an even better chance. One positive aspect about obesity in this sense is that it is a very visible affliction, and it is one that is widely accepted and understood. Community members are able to easily spot who the overweight people are, and it is no secret that Americans are growing larger and larger. That being said if this program is introduce and people begin to lose weight or look more healthy their community will be able to tell. If a program is successful, this is free advertising at its best. If a program can get to the point where valued members of that rural town are buying in and losing weight, the dissemination through the town should happen rapidly. This dissemination is important because children will need their parents to make life changes in order for them to follow suit. Diffusion Theory can also help out with this, because the schools are nothing but smaller institutions within the community. When parents start to adopt changes for themselves and their children, other children might observe this and encourage their parents to get involved. Conclusions and Recommendations Synthesis of the texts included in this work show that there is a strong relationship between the socioeconomic status and childhood obesity in rural communities. Rural children are actually 25 percent more likely to become obese or overweight compared to children of the same age in an urban setting (Lutfiyya et al., 2012). And their parents have an increased chance of being less educated and having a lower median household income than parents in the city (US Census Bureau, 2016). Although socioeconomic status is more difficult to measure for children, it has be noted that those are two strong and frequently used indicators (Whitaker Orzol, 2006). And the small town feel of these rural locations along with frequent interactions with the same peers put these children at a higher risk of developing obesity through social contagion (Fang et al., 2018). But it is this community that could prove to be the strongest resource we have to fight obesity among rural families. Leaning on their fellow citizens and tapping into the heart of the strong ties among these groups can use education and determination to create change without having to change the financial makeup of the town. Education in schools and among parents is going to be a determining factor of whether or not a health program is going to make a positive and lasting change on the reports of obesity. The culture of rural residents does not encourage them to be self-advocates in the doctors office so programs are going to have to be engaging and work to increase the self efficacy of the entire community.

The Invention Of Social Media - 1890 Words

Social media is the ultimate equalizer. It gives a voice and a platform to anyone willing to engage, that is a quote given from Amy Jo Martin to emphasize how important the invention of social media is. The invention of social media has changed the world in various ways. Just a decade ago; Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, YouTube, and Instagram were just a mere thought in peoples mind. Before social media, all there was on the internet was information. Entertainment was only limited to watching TV. If someone wanted to be entertained, all the individual would have was TV and outside. There was no such thing as a web series; an individual would have to go to a TV at a specific time instead of going on a streaming website. Say if a student wanted an opinion on something for an assignment, the student would have to find a person to ask. There was no way of asking anybody on the Web 2.0, the student would have to find a friend or go up to a stranger. Before social media, it would be tough to hear someone’s point of view. He (the student) could not conveniently go on a chat room to discuss something, he would have to go out and organize groups and find other people who he wanted a point of view from. According to Ms. Jenna Obee, social media is any website that allows you to comment, share, like, friend or otherwise interact with other members of the site (Obee), but it is more than that. Social media is a new type of communication; every generation had their own type ofShow MoreRelatedSocial Media Invention1120 Words   |  5 PagesUndoubtedly, social media is one of the most important and outstanding inventions nowadays. It is play a vital role in our daily life. Social media is aprocess of share and exchange the information between people in virtual networks and communitese . Also, we can define it as a group of application that depend on ideological and technological fundations of internet and these application help to create a content and exchange the idea and thoughts. Also,. it depend on mobile and web site to giveRead MoreShould Media Law Protect Intellectual Property?1059 Words   |  5 PagesQ1: Should media law protect intellectual property? Why or why not? If me dia law should protect IP, how long should the protection be in force? Is it ethical to own ideas? Media Law covers media rights and is basically based on court decisions. The three general areas covered are print media, telecommunications and digital communications. Intellectual Property is defined as creations of the mind such as inventions like literary, artistic works, designs, symbols, names and images used in commerceRead MoreThe Impact Of Internet On Human Development750 Words   |  3 PagesThe Strong Impact of The Internet on Human Development The invention of the internet has caused a similar impact on human development as the one caused by the invention of the wheel. Internet is a global network which allows to instantly transport information from one place to another. This has been a great development in humanity because based on this invention, a high percentage of the total world population have changed in some way their lives. Moreover, it also has led to the development ofRead MoreSocial Media And Modern Age Teenagers906 Words   |  4 PagesSocial media and modern-age teenagers is a concoction that is doomed to fail with multiple issues that affect teen’s relationships: lying, insults, communication issues, sexual harassment, and cyber bullying. Social media as a whole has been a quite amazing invention, however, with all great inventions arises many problems with said inventions. Teenagers currently are starting to face the many problems with social media, and how social media affects the teen’s rel ationships. The multitude of problemsRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Society1290 Words   |  6 Pagesthere are inventions that change society. They become part of our everyday life. Social media is an invention that has changed the foundation of the way we communicate and in all probability, it will be around for the remainder of the homo sapiens lifespan. With life-changing inventions like social media, debates spark whether it is a good thing for our society or not. Dave Eggers â€Å"The Circle† shows the way social media can be a positive change for society with the Circle’s countless inventions that integrateRead MoreThe Shift Of Modern Technology1622 Words   |  7 Pagesover the last decade is the rise of Social Media and how it is used. Social Media has allowed change in global communication. It is now possible to becomes friends with people across the world just by speaking with them actively over social media. These ties to other people can lead t o revolutions in social interaction. The invention of many portable devices is catalysed by Social Media. One of the major uses of cell phones now is the connectivity to social media. People are constantly on TwitterRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society1411 Words   |  6 Pagesthat has greatly evolved over the last twenty years or so is social media. In fact, what most people view as social media in this day and age did not exist prior to the last few years of the twentieth century. Since the introduction of social media into the world, community interaction has become redefined, narcissism is more prevalent, and there is a continuous tidal wave of information published in modern culture. Until the invention of the telegraph 1792, the only way for people to communicateRead MoreThe Work Of Art And The Age Of Mechanical Reproduction1180 Words   |  5 Pagesoxforddictionaries.com the definition of the word media is, â€Å"The main means of mass communication (broadcasting, publishing, and the Internet), regarded collectively.† Mass communication inventions like paper, the printing press, and film changed the foundations in which society was built on. In todays society, it seems like everyday there is a new development in media that â€Å"will change our lives†. Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, are all forms of mass media, but one could dispute that they are unnecessaryRead MoreInvention Of Good Insulation For Telegraph Wires1496 Words   |  6 Pagesand Baltimore, Maryland. On May 24, 1844, Morse sent Vail the historic first message: â€Å"What hath God wrought!† The telegraph system subsequently spread across America and the world, aided by furthe r innovations. Among these improvements was the invention of good insulation for telegraph wires. The man behind this innovation was Ezra Cornell (1807-74), one of the founders of the university in New York that bears his name. Another improvement, by the famed inventor Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) inRead MoreThe Invention Of The Printing Press1413 Words   |  6 Pages The printing press was essentially invented by Johannes Gutenberg enabling mass productions of books and the spread of rapid knowledge throughout Europe. This invention became a great industry in Britain. The printing press became a popular industry in the mid-19th century as the second industrial revolution commenced a communication revolution. There were several factors that made printing press very popular and substantial such as during wars where there was more of an urgency to strive for news

Youthfulness and Impulsiveness in Shakespeare’s Romeo and...

Written in the 16th century, Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is still the foundations of classic literature today. Although this text is almost four centuries old, what keeps us interested is Romeo and Juliet’s tragic story of youthfulness and impulsiveness. It follows the protagonists’ progression into mature adults; overcoming the obstacles of authority along the way. The idea of a passionate, youthful love is something many of us relate to, furthermore, the audience can comprehend the emotions that these characters feel because we recognise them as emotions of the youth. Three key scenes that highlight youthfulness and its consequences are Scene one of Act one, Scene two of Act two, Scene five of Act three. These three scenes represent†¦show more content†¦Scene two of Act two is Romeo and Juliet’s balcony scene, where Romeo, rather hastily, swears his love for Juliet shortly after their first meeting. This illustrates youthful love, something e ver so present in society. The last key moment is Juliet’s dilemma with Romeo banished and Paris forced upon her for marriage. Perhaps this sudden change brought out the most in Juliet’s youthfulness, thinking impulsively and making unwise and rash decisions, leaving her isolated from any comfort and help. The first lines the play begins with is already illustrating how far this ‘civil brawl’ has come. In act one of scene one, the prince suggests that this brawl has become so old that no one really knows its reason anymore, it continues on; making an argument between two households into a brawl where everyone must take sides. In a way, everyone of the Capulet and Montague households are being obstinate and unwilling to forgive and forget the past. Samson and Gregory subtlety but deliberately provokes the servants of the Montague house, leading to an unnecessary fight which could have been easily avoided. Sampson and Gregory are making crude remarks about women, letting the audience see into a young man’s mind. All while this hatred is brewing in town, Romeo is off alone moping on about his infatuation with Rosaline, who he claims to be, â€Å"..too fair, too wise, wisely too fair..† The theme ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on A Modern Interpretation of Romeo and Ju liet 3467 Words   |  14 PagesWhen you hear the words â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†, what comes to your mind? For most people, the mention of these names brings about images of young people declaring their love from balconies and defying fate to be together. Romeo and Juliet is certainly a story of youthful romance. However, the first-time reader will often miss the underlying ideas that the writer only hints at over the course of this play. To fail to realize the subtle political and social themes within the plot is to fail to understand

Unemployment And Its Effects On Society - 1020 Words

Unemployment is when a person who is vigorously looking for employment and is incapable to find work. Unemployment can affect people in a wide range of ways. The effect of idleness has far-reaching consequences. Even those who don t undergo layoffs in an office may find that their jobs or their personal lives have been destructively impacted. Idleness, as stated above, can have a wide range of affects on different types of people, such as refugees in Austria. Walter Renner and Birgit Senft stated that Refugees have an increased risk of unemployment. Initially examined 83 unemployed refugees in Austria (Renner Senft, 2013 p.263). It is show that a high percentage of refugees depend on social security in Austria. Once granted asylum, unemployed refugees can receive welfare support for an unlimited period. Welfare authorities may assign refugees to training courses that teach a basic knowledge of German and job-finding skills. Hansen and Lofstrom (2006) have shown that refugees contribute more than do other immigrants to the â€Å"immigrant-native welfare gap† (p. 23) in Sweden. In a Norwegian longitudinal study, Ekhaugen (2005) found that 63% of refugees still depended on social benefits in the third year of their stay and 55% of refugees (Austria (Renner Senft, 2013 p.263). This illustrates that unemployment in their home of Austria greatly affects them by heavily depending on the support of assistance. In order to receive the support from social security they have to beShow MoreRelatedUnemployment And Its Effects On Society923 Words   |  4 Pageswho is available for work, yet he or she does not have any opportunities is called unemployed. When we think of unemployment, we directly refer to a person without a job or â€Å"jobless†. However, we do not consider what were the causes of that situation? Or what was the result? Unemployment has always been a social scourge. It is crucial to understand the causes and effects of unemployment because it can happen to almost anyone in this globe. Also, it is equally important to resolve this issue beforeRead MoreUnemployment And Its Effects On Society1294 Words   |  6 PagesProblem Statement Unemployment is a very important problem that it is not only an economic issue, but it is related to the social and political issues. Increasing the level of unemployment will decrease the level of Keynes’ effective demand that is going to increase the investors’ uncertainty and less investments will take place. As a result, the economy as a whole will move from recession to depression and the unemployment is dramatically increasing. On the other hand, unemployment has a direct impactRead MoreUnemployment and Its Effect on the Economy and Society3088 Words   |  13 PagesUnemployment is an ongoing problem throughout the world. One may asked, what is unemployment? It is the number of persons who are willing and able to work but are unable to find jobs. Unemployment is harmful to a country because it imposes costs on a Society. The cost of employment to a nation can be categorised under three heading, namely  · The Social Cost  · The Cost to the Exchequer  · The Economic Cost The Social Cost of Unemployment The social cost of involuntary unemployment is incalculableRead MoreA Brief Note On Unemployment And Its Effects On Society1966 Words   |  8 Pagesin Australia DEFINITION Unemployment takes place when a subject who is actively incisive for employment but impotent to find work. Unemployment is frequently seen as a measurement of the economies overall health. When calculating to number of unemployed people in a district is primarily perceived as an ‘unemployment rate’. An unemployment rate is the amount of unemployed subjects divided by the amount of people in the labour force in an area. Characteristics: Unemployment is customarily proratedRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Unemployment1611 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Causes and Effects of Unemployment Travis Epling Strayer University ENG 105 Jeanette Trammel 9/14/14 Causes and Effects of Unemployment There are many reasons for unemployment in the United States and around the world. Some of these causes are created by the individual and others are out of their control. No matter what the cause for unemployment, it has a devastating effect on the individual, family, and economy. Unemployment defined by the Encyclopedia Britannica is the conditionRead MoreMinimum Wage And Its Effect On The Economy1015 Words   |  5 PagesThe In today’s society, people face to many serious issues which affect the society both in a positive and negative ways such as increasing the employment rate and increasing the unemployment rate. The increasing of unemployment rate is caused by some reasons, and one of the problem that causes the high unemployment rate is the issue of minimum wage. Depending on the states in U.S., the price of minimum wage is different, but the low minimum wage may cause the economic condition worse. MinimumRead MoreSociology Of Work : Good Jobs, Bad Jobs989 Words   |  4 Pages background This paper is a final essay assignment for SOC 3421W which is â€Å"Sociology of Work: Good Jobs, Bad Jobs, No Jobs?†. This essay is about â€Å"No Jobs† in America today, and the effects of a jobless situation on individuals, and my policy recommendations for increasing good jobs, reducing bad jobs, and eliminating no jobs will be described in this essay. This sample is the first part of the essay which includes introduction and some parts about the term, causes and consequences. I have someRead MoreIntroduction. The Rising Unemployment Has Generated Challenges1381 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The rising unemployment has generated challenges in low income communities. Unemployment involves a situation where people in a particular community are actively seeking employment but the employment rates are low. The increased rates of unemployment are contributed to by factors such as recession periods that adversely affects the economy. Impacts on the economy in turn affect the labor force leading to loss of employment and reducing the rates of employment opportunities in the countryRead MoreThe Positive and Negative Aspects of Job Migration943 Words   |  4 PagesApril to June 2013).This essay seeks to evaluate the positive and negative impacts of labor migration. This research will begin by evaluating the economic effects of job migration it will then proceed to investigate the social effects. In the process it will be highlighted that the impacts of migration are balanced. Main body Economical effects Job migration has negative and positive impacts on economy. All countries take taxes from migrants. Migrants fail to pay taxes in their home country, butRead MoreUnemployment And Its Effects On America926 Words   |  4 Pagesquarter month 2014 to date† (Bolen). Unemployment is the one of the biggest poverty problems in America. But what is unemployment? Unemployment is described as when people are looking for job within the past four weeks and can’t find work, however, it can also mean an economic condition that is marked by the fact that individuals actively seeking jobs remain unhired (Unemployment Definition). Unemployment affects the United States economic system, and the society in this nation. The United States

The Importance of Culture Essay - 816 Words

What is culture? The definition of culture as explained by the English Anthropologist Edward B. Taylor in his work Primitive Culture: â€Å"Culture or civilization†¦is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs, and other capabilities acquired by man as a member of society.† (Atafori). In addition, culture is the habits of people and is an important part of any society. Culture ties people of a community together, gives an individual a unique identity, and serves as the founding principles of one’s life. First, culture unites people together in a society. Further, culture gives common interests to one another in their society. For instance, Deepa Kartha emphasizes, â€Å"Culture is essential for the existence of a†¦show more content†¦Her dad would create a drink by boiling dried orange peels in water. Additionally, she carries the tradition of her father’s drink on later. For instance, Li writes that she chooses, â€Å"nature’s provision over those orange- and pink- and purple-colored medicines† (Li 144). Therefore, the custom individualizes her from other people that do not have the same custom. Moreover, the language one person speaks sets them apart from other people of different cultures. In addition, German-American anthropologist Franz Boas studied Native American languages; Boas contends â€Å"that language was a fundamental aspect of culture† (â€Å"Franz Boas†). Because communication is essential to life and community, sharing a common tongue binds people. Therefore, numerous aspects of culture are the foundation to build a person’s identity. Furthermore, the fundamental of one’s life comes from his or her cultural values. For instance, Encyclopedia.com suggests that â€Å"symbolic anthropology looks at how peoples mental constructs guide their lives† (â€Å"Culture†). Therefore, culture sets values in a person’s mind, which leads to how that person thinks throughout life. Parenting expert Armin Brott points out that children books shape a child’s thinking into â€Å"mothers are the truer parents and that fathers play, at best, a secondary role in the home† and youngsters â€Å"believe what they hear† (Brott 287). For example, the book Mother Goose and the Sly Fox Brott explains: Fox, a neglectful andShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Culture And Organizational Culture1647 Words   |  7 PagesThe importance of culture in the organization The organization culture as a leadership concept has been identified as one of the many components that leaders can use to grow a dynamic organization. Leadership in organizations starts the culture formation process by imposing their assumptions and expectations on their followers. Once culture is established and accepted, they become a strong leadership tool to communicate the leader s beliefs and values to organizational members, and especially newRead MoreThe Importance Of Deaf Culture1445 Words   |  6 PagesIt is quite a task to identify oneself within a â€Å"culture† due to the unique social, behavioral, and physical traits each culture represents themselves with. As I began learning about the hallmarks of Deaf culture such as â€Å"language, heritage art and history†, I began wondering about how the historical significance of each one impacted the modern choices of Deaf individuals (Holcomb 17). Our textbook Introduction to American Deaf Culture makes referen ces to how important American Sign Language is toRead MoreImportance of Culture to Communication1132 Words   |  5 PagesImportance of culture to communication - Essay - â€Å"Culture† can be defined as the complex collection of knowledge, folklore, language, rules, rituals, habits, lifestyles, attitudes, beliefs, and customs that link and give a common identity to a particular group of people at a specific point in time. All social units develop a culture. Even in two-person relationships, a culture develops over time. In friendship and romantic relationships, for example, partners develop their ownRead MoreThe Importance of Language and Culture2130 Words   |  9 PagesThe Importance of Language and Culture Diana Everett COM200 Instructor Terrance Frazier April 04, 2011 The Importance of Language and Culture There are two forms of communications--verbal and non-verbal. Nonverbal communication is usually understood as the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless messages. Language is not the only source of communication, there are other means also. Messages can be communicated through gestures and touch, by body language or postureRead MoreThe Importance of Language and Culture3202 Words   |  13 Pages The importance of language is a repeated trend throughout history. The lack of language weighs negatively on an individual’s intellect and the acquisition of language feeds the development of one’s cultural identity. The greatest historical conquest began in the realm of linguistic turmoil. Examples of this are vast in the capturing of American Americans slaves, and injustice towards the Native Americans on the home front. The captured people were taken from a variety of tribes speaking differentRead MoreOrganizational Culture and Its Importance2639 Words   |  11 PagesThere is no single definition for organizational culture. The topic has been studied from a variety of perspectives ranging from disciplines such as anthropology and sociology, to the applied disciplines of organizational behaviour, management science, and organizational communication. Some of the definitions are listed below: A set of common understandings around which action is organized; finding expression in language whose nuances are peculiar to the group (Becker and Geer 1960). A set of understandingsRead MoreOrganizational Culture and Its Importance2624 Words   |  11 PagesThere is no single definition for organizational culture. The topic has been studied from a variety of perspectives ranging from disciplines such as anthropology and sociology, to the applied disciplines of organizational behaviour, management science, and organizational communication. Some of the definitions are listed below: A set of common understandings around which action is organized; finding expression in language whose nuances are peculiar to the group (Becker and Geer 1960). A set of understandingsRead MoreImportance Of Culture Of Pakistan1126 Words   |  5 PagesCultures revolve around the ideas and skills of a group or society. In Pakistan, the many cultures of different tribes blend to form a unified nation. Pakistani cultures influence the lives of citizens and tourists by providing memories they will cherish forever. Pakistani cultures originate from the past of families and are carried on through tradition. Celebrating the accomplishments of their past, Pakistani people remember what is important to them through their people, religion, and food. PakistanRead MoreThe Importance Of DN Culture881 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Accelerate your Life† â€Å"Global Force for Good† and â€Å"America’s Navy† all have been slogans for the DON (Faram, 2017). These all show a side or aspect of the Navy though in the following paragraphs I will guide you on why I believe that the US DON culture is the cause for the resent deaths of sailors this summer. The reason why I am interested in this group is because I have served/worked for this group for nearly a dozen years. Body: How the organization prevents and responds to problematic andRead MoreImportance Of Small Community Culture706 Words   |  3 PagesCulture is the beliefs, customs, arts, of a particular society, group, place, or time. Culture is an important part of smaller communities. I come from Hot Springs, Montana and its population is roughly 500 people, to put that into perspective, you pretty much couldn’t go to the grocery store to local coffee shop without seeing everyone and their brother. The small community culture is something that has had a major positive influence on my life. One of the impacts it has had on my life is the importance

Marketing and Oligopoly Market Free Essays

Definition of oligopoly Oligopoly market structure is a market with few seller but large in size and their produce branded product whereby advertising is a very crucial element within the oligopoly market. Thus in the oligopoly market structure the competition between a firm with another firm is very high because they are only a few seller in the market and the price is very stable. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing and Oligopoly Market or any similar topic only for you Order Now 0Characteristic of oligopoly market structure: 2. 1 Difficult to entry Oligopoly market a very difficult to enter because they also need a huge amount of capital and the expenses is very expensive. Apart from that they using a high technology in their product. Example of oligopoly market such as airlines, automobile, steel industry and oil industry. 2. 2 Similar or differentiate product In the oligopoly market sometimes they sell similar product such as oil from Saudi Arabia is the same oil in Malaysia and Thailand. For the differentiate product such as automobiles, steel industry, gas, and cell phone. 2. 3 Few seller and large in size Oligopoly market have few seller but they are very big in the economic scale because in their production they produce they product in mass production. Firm that operates in the oligopoly structure can affect the market price the example of this characteristic such as airlines, tobacco, and steel industry. 2. 4 Mutual interdependence These oligopoly market are very easily affected by the action of the other firm this means the action of the other firm will give effect to other firm because they are only a few seller thus the competition is very high. For example if one firm reduces they price the other firm will also have to follow the other firm in reducing they price. How to cite Marketing and Oligopoly Market, Papers

Salvador Dali the Burning Giraffe Essay Example For Students

Salvador Dali the Burning Giraffe Essay Salvador Dali The Burning Giraffe The Burning Giraffe 1. Structural Frame In Paris in the mid sasss surrealism became the new art movement and was widespread and lasting. The movement was characterized by pictures that contained detailed, strange and unnerving objects with dream like character. The art has a visually striking, controversial and bizarre quality, which was the result of the rejected need for rational thought and behavior. Salvador Dali described the art as hand painted dream photographs. This description pinpoints the realistic detail hat was contrasted with surreal images. The Burning Giraffe Salvador Dali was painted during his exile in the United States, but shows his personal struggle with the battle in his home country of Spain. It was painted before the Second World War and Dali believed the burning giraffe was a premonition of war. Dali interpreted the image of a giraffe with its back ablaze as the masculine cosmic apocalyptic monster. The painting illustrates ideas of death- through war, loss of individuality and the weakness of society. In contrast to the usual surrealist obsession with unconscious thought, Salvador Dali described his technique as the paranoiac-critical method. He employed this technique to create The burning Giraffe which allowed him to paint many optical allusions to create a dreamlike state. Surrealists painted with a high level of detail to create a sense of realism within the dream. Dalais style is precise and this enhances the dream or nightmare effect of The burning Giraffe. Dali used thinned oil paints s well as dense oil paints on a panel, which were traditional at the time. Salvador Dali was one of the many surrealist painters that often incorporated images of women into their work. Many male surrealist painters had a typical male attitude towards women such as worshipping them symbolically through stereotypes and sexist norms. Surrealists including Salvador Dali had an interest in the concept of psychoanalysis developed by Sigmund Freud. This influence combined with his desires towards women enhanced the nightmare effect of his painting, which the realist painters tried to create. 2. Cultural Frame Women were often made to represent higher values and transformed into objects of desire and mystery. The Burning Giraffe depicts two women that are slim and curvaceous. One has a drawer opening from below her breasts and several more down her leg. This imagery gives an underlying impression that she is a sexual object as the open drawer could be a symbol of her sexual offerings and favors. The head, hands and part of the arms of the closest female are stripped down only to e the muscles beneath the skin whilst one figure holds a piece of meat. The meat is another symbol of an offering, giving the impression that the women were possibly seen as meat, meaning they possibly were used for sexual favors. Dali shows a state of exhaustion by the uses of the crutches that hold and support the women. This image is symbolic of weakness and is present in many of Dalais work, consistent to address different themes with same effectiveness. Dali believed that both The Burning Giraffe and The Invention of Monsters were premonitions of war. Both of these paintings contain the image of a giraffe with its back ablaze, an image which Dali interpreted as the masculine cosmic apocalyptic monster. He first used this image of the giraffe in flames in his film L Age door (The Golden Age) in 1930. The Burning Giraffe appears as very much a dreamboats, not simply because of the subject but also because of the supernatural aquamarine color of the background. Against this vivid blue color, the flames on the giraffe stand out to great effect. In the foreground, a woman stands with her arms outstretched. .u4ddea9005e824743bf9f2779e2dce7fd , .u4ddea9005e824743bf9f2779e2dce7fd .postImageUrl , .u4ddea9005e824743bf9f2779e2dce7fd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4ddea9005e824743bf9f2779e2dce7fd , .u4ddea9005e824743bf9f2779e2dce7fd:hover , .u4ddea9005e824743bf9f2779e2dce7fd:visited , .u4ddea9005e824743bf9f2779e2dce7fd:active { border:0!important; } .u4ddea9005e824743bf9f2779e2dce7fd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4ddea9005e824743bf9f2779e2dce7fd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4ddea9005e824743bf9f2779e2dce7fd:active , .u4ddea9005e824743bf9f2779e2dce7fd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4ddea9005e824743bf9f2779e2dce7fd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4ddea9005e824743bf9f2779e2dce7fd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4ddea9005e824743bf9f2779e2dce7fd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4ddea9005e824743bf9f2779e2dce7fd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4ddea9005e824743bf9f2779e2dce7fd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4ddea9005e824743bf9f2779e2dce7fd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4ddea9005e824743bf9f2779e2dce7fd .u4ddea9005e824743bf9f2779e2dce7fd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4ddea9005e824743bf9f2779e2dce7fd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Salvador Dali's Childhood EssayHer forearms and face are blood red, having been stripped to show the muscle beneath the flesh. The womans face is featureless now, indicating a nightmarish helplessness and a loss of individuality. Behind her, a second woman holds aloft a strip of meat, representing death, entropy, and the human races capacity to devour and destroy. The women both have elongated phallic shapes growing out from their backs, and these are propped up with crutches Dali repeatedly uses this symbolism for a weak and flawed society.

Food Inc, By Robert Kenner Essay Example For Students

Food Inc, By Robert Kenner Essay FOOD Inc. is a film that goes deeper into the food that we consume every single day, and also gives us insight on the origin of our food from the average farmer to the corporations that have almost made a monopoly in agriculture. However, Robert Kenner exposes the corrupt ways food companies treat animals and the way food is being produced, and overall, the need to make our voices heard that we need to make a change when it comes to what we eat and how we eat. Therefore I agree with the documentarian on his point of view on the way animals are being treated, the way our food is really being made, our health, and its effect on our lives. While analyzing this documentary, you notice that the food being shown in the film was a clear contrast on what we usually see on television and other forms of media. It mainly started at how our food is being produced from the feeding of animals to our local grocery, and you see how we are being deceived into thinking that they actually care about our consumption, however, they care about the money that is being made. I agreed with Kenner because he gave insight on something that was not shown in our lives. We did not know about how chickens, and cows are put into these warehouses and are being fed corn since it is so cheap. Another argument that Kenner made was the facts of the dollar menu and fast food. The dollar menu was usually seen as something that was affordable and a light snack. However, when dollar menu items are being shown in this film, you analyze how they are cheaper than healthier items which makes it harder Soto 2on families on living a healthier and substantial life. You also look into the long lasting effects of their health, which by the way is failing due to their â€Å"choices†. .what to eat and not eat. His argument can fail because his solution to this problem will seem like there is too much effort that would be needed in order to make a change. However, he defeats this argument because he proposes many arguments and strong evidence to where people have to change their ways when it comes to eating. Soto 4In closing, there is a lot to consider when it comes to this documentary and its connection with our food. We have been close minded to a lot of perspectives until we see something, so for us so have seen this documentary, it does show how we need to change, and fortunately he does provide ways in order for us to change. Solutions such as eating foods that are only in season, and eating organic foods are the few steps that we can take in order to make ourselves healthier and better as a nation. Hopefully, we can all make that change.

Preparing For Essay Topics That Challenge Students

Preparing For Essay Topics That Challenge StudentsThere are many reasons why students tend to shy away from essay challenges. Many students dread the idea of essay writing or know they will be challenged but cannot prepare themselves for the challenge that is given to them.A common reason that students tend to avoid obstacles students get the idea they should pass. They fear they may fail and the purpose of doing the essay is lost in the details of their personal life. But it is important for students to understand that it is not possible to pass and still earn the grade they deserve.In fact, there are lots of things that the students can do to prepare themselves for the challenge that comes with obstacle essays. One way that many do this is to spend time reading other people's essay topics before they decide what essay they will tackle next. They will find out more about what sort of essays are on the market today. It is important to note that the problems they will encounter are ve ry similar to the issues they would have faced with an essay in school.The first thing that the students can do is to browse through books on essay topics. They will come across many essays that include obstacles and that these problems can be solved. Students will come across information that helps them master a skill such as research.If they read about people who actually found a solution to the problems they face, they will realize they need to do some research to provide readers lack information. This will allow them to be more creative in their essay topics. They will also be able to use their knowledge of facts and evidence to deliver an essay topic that answers their question.Another way that students can prepare themselves for the challenge is to make sure they know what topic they want to tackle and then make a good subject choice. In most cases, students find that they prefer to write about something they already know something about. This makes it easier to stay focused o n the topic and the essay will be more engaging and interesting.Students can also get the assistance of their teachers when they prepare their essay. It is important to remember that essay topics are not all the same and what one teacher might like, another might not. A teacher can offer their feedback on the project that the student has created and can help the student identify the obstacles they will encounter and help them to prepare for the challenge that comes with the assignment.Writing essay topics that challenge students to excel is a worthwhile endeavor for students to consider. In fact, they will find that it is a good way to improve their writing skills. While students may feel nervous or overwhelmed at times, they can use the experience to become more comfortable with their writing abilities.

Abraham Lincoln Essay Example

Abraham Lincoln Essay Example Abraham Lincoln Essay Abraham Lincoln Essay Abraham Lincoln in the US History Abraham Lincoln, the greatest man in U.S. history, had many great accomplishments for this nation throughout his presidency. The most significant of these accomplishments was the abolishment of slavery.His love for America motivated him to do what he knew to be just.Lincoln had a meaningful, but shortened life, but he still accomplished more things than most other people in their lifetimes.Abraham Lincoln, the greatest man in U.S. history, had a childhood, education, and achievements that are exceptionally commendable. Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 in a log cabin in Hardin County, Kentucky. (Donald 22; Neely 347)Abe liked to work outdoors, and was raised to do farm work. (Sandburg 14; Neely 347)When Abe was seven, his family moved to Indiana. (Donald 23)Partly on account of slavery, Abraham recalled, but chiefly on account ofdifficulty in land titles in Kentucky. (Neely 347)His formal education he received in an Indiana Blab School, using only the spelling book. (A ngle 23)He loved to read, especially the Bible, Aesops Fables, and Robinson Crusoe, to name a few. (Angle 23-24)In 1817, his grandparents Tom and Betsey Sparrow died of milk sick.Abes mother also died from this on October 15, 1818. (Sandburg 11) Lincoln reached his full height, 64, before he was 20.Abe was thin, awkward, big-boned, and strong in the arms. (Baritt 313)Abe was interested in politics, and would walk 30 miles to a courthouse to hear lawyers speak and to see how they argued.Abe also heard political speakers and mimicked them.In 1830, he made hisfirst political speech, on improving the Sangamoon River for better navigation. (Sandburg 15, 21) On March 1, 1830, he left for Illinois to the town of New Salem, looking for a career to pursue. (Sandburg 20)In 1831, however, he was still unsure of his career.

The Political Career of Kamarajar Essay Example

The Political Career of Kamarajar Essay Example The Political Career of Kamarajar Essay The Political Career of Kamarajar Essay The political career of Kumaraswamy Kamaraj (1903-1975) spanning about 50 years, cutting across the colonial and post-independent phases, of Indian history, is indeed an enviable record. Representing a novel political culture neither bordering on Gandhian thought and action nor possessing the anglicised sophistication and cosmopolitanism of the Nehruvian vision, Kamaraj, rose from an underprivileged background, stood forth as a sober and robust figure winning the confidence and respect of the common people. He showed a rare political acumen and the uncanny ability to grasp social and political realities from the grass roots level upwards. A hard core political realist, his political life was never governed by any high theories or fancy jargon. Accredited with the capacity to be at ease with cliques, groups, factions and castes, Kamaraj applied his energies in favour of common people. Endowed with an extraordinary memory, his minimal formal schooling! was never a serious impediment. In fact rarely could a man from such a humble origin possess such knowledge about Tamil Nadu, be it geography or ethnography, which is beyond most intellectuals and academicians. Kamaraj rose from the lowest Congress ranks during the freedom struggle to become the president of the Tamil Nadu Congress Party for over 20 years (1940-1963) interspersed by short intervals, the chief minister of Madras (1954-1963) for nine years; and, as the president of the Indian National Congress (1964-1967), he assumed the crucial role of kingmaker. Kamarajs ascendancy is all the more significant because he belonged to the low caste Nadar community,1 which had a long history of struggle against social oppression and economic deprivation. The Nadars, originally known as Shanars, were found principally in the two southern districts of Tirunelveli and Kanyakumari. Palmyra climbing and toddy tapping were their traditional occupations. In the Hindu caste hierarchy the Nadars were ranked very low just above the untouchables and were forbidden entry into temples because of their association with alcohol. Mercantilism and Christianity played crucial roles in facilitating their upward mobility. Within a span of two centuries, they rose from near untouchability to a position of social and economic power. Though Kamaraj typified the Nadar success story he never was a leader of his community2 and transcended the bounds of Nadar caste identity3 dropping the caste title early in his political career. Hailing from Virudhupatti (now Virudhunagar), one of the early settlements of migrant Nadars, Kamaraj, born in 1903 into an ordinary small scale Nadar business family, was a school dropout at the age of 11 and for a number of years never had steady and proper employment. Kumaraswamy Kamaraj evinced interest in politics at the age of 15 when the news of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre reached his ears. Responding to the call of Gandhijis Non-Cooperation Movement, Kamaraj entered the freedom struggle as a Congress volunteer organising meetings, processions and demonstrations. He soon found an abiding place for himself in the Congress ranks as a gritty grass roots level, full-time worker and mass leader of the Congress; and he was imprisoned a number of times for actively participating in the freedom struggle. He spent a total of eight years in British Indian jails during six spells of imprisonment. When the Brahmin dominance in the Tamil Nadu Congress leadership4 was firmly entrenched and the rivalry between the two key Brahmin leaders, C Rajagopalachari and S Satyamurthi, was brewing, Kamaraj wove his way into the top echelons of the Tamil Nadu Congress organisation as the representative of the non-Brahmin enclave. The Brahmin image5 of the Congress found its affirmation at the hands of Rajaji when he introduced compulsory Hindi in schools in 1938 when he was the chief minister. This move was met with resentment and brought about an open confrontation between him and E V Ramasamy in 1938. A massive anti-Hindi agitation was launched by E V Ramasamy unleashing a vehement onslaught on the nexus between Rajaji, the Brahmin and Hindi, the Aryan language of oppression. 6 The statewide anti-Hindi campaign involved picketing schools, picketing in front of Rajajis residence and hunger strikes. E V Ramasamy was arrested in December 1938 and imprisoned for a year. This confrontation sharpened the conflict between the non-Brahmins and Brahmins within the Congress organisation. The agitation was continued till Rajaji had to opt for making Hindi an optional subject in schools in February 1940. At this crucial moment, Rajajis candidate, C P Subbiah, was defeated by K Kamaraj with the support of the Brahmin leader, Satyamurthi. Kamaraj was elected as the president of the Tamil Nadu Congress in 1940, the post which he held till he became the chief minister of Tamil Nadu in 1954. The advent of Kamaraj as the party boss from a low caste non-Brahmin background made a powerful appeal to the vast non-Brahmin majority and attracted the non-Brahmin elites and the political-minded elements who had long resented the power and privileges of the Brahmins, and broadened the social base of the Congress. The non-Brahmin presence in the Congress gained ground, rallying around Kamaraj, a rustic leader who transformed the Congress into a peoples party championing the causes of the lower castes. Kamaraj grew steadily from strength to strength displaying his organising skills to control men and matters. During these years his contact with the people and the respect he commanded made his positio n unassailable. The untimely death of Satyamurti in 1943 improved his position and gave him a further lease of power. With the Congress machinery under his control, he overshadowed his party men and effectively reduced the Brahmin dominance in the party. As the party chief, Kamaraj commenced his active role in the successive elections of the Congress legislative party of Madras and was the prime author of installing three chief ministers between 1946 and 1952: T Prakasam, Omandur Ramaswamy Reddiar and Kumaraswamy Raja. The next successor Rajaji was certainly not Kamarajs choice but was appointed by the Congress high command. The re-entry of Rajaji as chief minister8 without even an election could have derailed Kamarajs emerging equations with non-Brahmins. The die was cast when Rajaji, flaunting his authority, introduced a vocational educational scheme based on hereditary calling, which met with stiff opposition not only from the Dravida Kazhagam and Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, but also from a large number of non-Brahmins in the Congress quarters. This educational pattern, aimed at imparting to school children the traditional caste occupation of their parents, came to be condemned by E V! Ramasamy as kula kalvi thittam, devised to perpetuate varnashrama dharma. Rajaji also took the drastic step of closing down nearly 6,000 schools, citing financial constraints. 9 E V Ramasamy campaigned against the new educational policy much to the chagrin of Rajaji. The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), formed in 1949 by breaking away from the Dravida Kazhagam, also joined the crusade against Rajajis scheme. E V Ramasamy did not rest on his oars till the scheme was dropped. This second confrontation between them proved too costly for Rajaji. Rajaji, the statesman of Brahmin hagiography, had to bow out ingloriously tendering his resignation in 1954. Rajajis political vagaries in 1938 and 1953 meant the passing of Brahmins as the controllers of Tamil Nadus political destiny till the next four decades. With the resignation of Rajaji, Kamaraj was perhaps the natural and logical choice. At the meeting of the Congress legislature party on March 31, 1954, with Rajaji presiding, his arch rival and the target of his ridicule10 Kamaraj was elected as the leader, securing 93 votes as against 41 received by C Subramaniam who was propped up by Rajaji. 1 Kamaraj as Chief Minister Kamaraj was reluctant to accept the chief ministership but the circumstance prevailed upon him as there was no alternative to the kingmaker himself ascending the throne. 12 Kamaraj took the mantle from Rajaji, and formed his first cabinet, which did not contain a single Brahmin contrary to Rajajis first ministry in 1937, dominated by Brahmins. 13 The elevatio n of Kamaraj as the chief minister on the wave of opposition to the Rajaji scheme of education, led to the development of closer ties between Kamaraj and E V Ramasamy. The Congress gained the support of E V Ramasamy and Kamarajs equation with the non-Brahmins was kept intact. E V Ramasamy was all set to endorse his solidarity with Kamaraj on the grounds that in all these years he was the first and only non-Brahmin with Tamil as his mother tongue to become the chief minister; and for the first time a full-fledged ministry had been formed without a single Brahmin headed! by Kamaraj. According to E V Ramasamy all credit should go to Kamaraj for dropping Rajajis educational scheme despite opposition from upper castes led by C Subramaniam and Bakthavatchalam who were in favour of it. 4 Extolling Kamaraj as the pacchai Tamilan he urged his followers to extend every support to sustain the Kamaraj rule and prevent it from being ousted, as the interests of Tamils were safe in his hands. 15 However, Kamaraj did not follow the exclusion of Brahmins as a deliberate policy. In fact, Brahmins were incorporated into his ministry at a later stage, one of the promi nent gainers being R Venkataraman. For Kamaraj, E V Ramasamys open proclamation of support was a great source of strength, arriving precisely at the right moment when he himself was under pressure since doubts were being echoed.

Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response - Essay Example This theory is evidenced in the case study by the fact that the executives of Enron and Merrill Lynch both thought it was fine to sidestep accounting rules that they viewed as lesser than the rules they felt were of a greater importance. Unfortunately, none of them felt bound to obey a greater law, so their disregard for law and acting in an immoral manner knew no bounds. From a utilitarian perspective, this deal would have been morally acceptable on several grounds. First, all of the parties involved would have benefited from the deal. Enron would have been able to use the proceeds of the â€Å"sale† to Merrill Lynch to help maintain their stock price. This would be good for everyone that owned Enron stock. Merrill Lynch stood to ear a 15% guaranteed return on their investment. These two principal partners would have been the most immediate beneficiaries of the transaction. But other beneficiaries would have included those employed to continue construction on the barges, local business and families that depend on the income and patronage of these employees and the beneficiaries of the electricity provided by the barges. This basic resource could improve the standard of living to many thousands of families in Nigeria. The only â€Å"downside† would be the breaking of some arcane accounting rules. From a utilitarian standpoint, this was a good deal because many people benefited from the transaction and no one was really hurt. The possibility of an inflated price for Enron stock is inherent in this deal, but the overwhelming utility of the transaction benefited the most possible people. Deciding if virtue theory has anything to do with this transaction is difficult. While I see the clear relationship between the character (or lack thereof) in the individual players and the outcomes caused by this deal, I do not see how virtue theory could be applied to this scenario. The reason I say this is,

MGMT 670 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MGMT 670 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT - Essay Example The acquisition of Salomon in the year 1998 was done with an aim, so that Adidas could get a market of the diversified type of sporting goods that were manufactured by Salomon. The restructuring of sporting goods of the Adidas Company was further done with the acquisition of the Reebok Company in 2006 by which, the company felt that it would get wider market coverage, since Reebok was specializing in the areas of the athletic footwear, golf equipments as well as the footwear and apparel markets. (Reuters) Adidas felt that by such a kind of restructuring process done by means of acquisition, the company could make a huge impact in its business, since it would be able to get the market shares, which are enjoyed by the companies that were acquired. This would in turn help the company to face the threat of cutthroat competition from Nike and at the same time would increase its sales and help it to regain the top spot in the sporting goods business. This was the main idea behind the acqui sitions and the Adidas management thought this to be the fitting reply to Nike. The corporate strategy of Adidas can be truly rated as a good one, since the European company had to get the market share of US which it had lost to its rival Nike. ... (Reuters) The Acquisition of Salomon and its products Adidas acquired Salomon in the year 1998 since the company was manufacturing a variety of sports goods products. This acquisition was done to make Adidas to overcome Nike and become the number one sports goods manufacturing company. But once the acquisition was underway the industry dealing with the winter sports was showing a decline, since it was becoming less attractive among individuals and this could really affect the prospects of Adidas. After the acquisition it was seen that, there were some difficulties that cropped up in integrating both the companies. It was only after a span of about five years from acquisition that, Adidas started to regain its share value in the sports market. The Salomon business unit also contributed only very less to the total operating profits of Adidas and this was a further blow to the company, since it had expected a very good operating profit. As a result the overall financial performance of A didas did not show any sort of improvement even after the acquisition. The golf division of the Taylor made Adidas products also struggled a lot to make profits initially ever since the acquisition. As a result of this Adidas divested almost all of its winter sports brands to the Amer sports corporation in the year 2005. (Mike) The Acquisition of Reebok and its products In the year 2006 Adidas acquired the Reebok Company with an idea to make its presence felt in the athletic footwear and apparel as well as the golf market. The Reebok international company already was involved in the designing as well as the sales of the apparels, footwear as well as hockey equipments for Greg Norman, Rockport and CCM respectively. Thus through

Importance Of CRM For HDFC Bank

Importance Of CRM For HDFC Bank The aim of this dissertation was to examine the importance of CRM for HDFC Bank. To achieve this aim, following objectives were set: To analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of CRM services provided by the HDFC Bank, to examine the effects of CRM on business performance and operational effectiveness and to evaluate the improvements in customer service due to it, to assess the awareness of the bank employees to the concept of CRM and its benefits for the organization, to determine the extent of customer satisfaction level by conducting interviews, distributing questionnaire and carrying out a survey in HDFC Bank, to gather relevant data and critically analyzing it using a vast variety of sources and research tools. The chapter encompass the analysis and evaluation of the data collected via different research methods and includes both quantitative and qualitative measures taken into account and discussed upon. The researcher presented much of the quantitative data into graphs so tha t it could easily be understood. As discussed in the last chapter, interviews were conducted from branch manager and two of the middle line managers. Survey was conducted from randomly selected 80 (+3 later) customers to gain their views; along with it, short questionnaires were also distributed to randomly chosen 30 bank employees to take into account their perspectives about the adaption and use of CRM in the bank. Interviews were purposely kept informal and qualitative data was collected about the banks strategy, plan, objectives and actions taken regarding the adaption and use of CRM system and applications. In the interviews, the researcher inquired about many other things which are discussed in the qualitative analysis below. The survey from employees was mainly concerning the effects of CRM on their performance and how it affected their day to day bank functions and operations. Questionnaires from customers included their perceptions about the bank services and whether those improved. The data gathered by interviews provided helpful information about the bank strategic plans and policies and gave insight into the banking operations. It also provided information on customer relation management systems, infrastructure of information and technology, and its effects on the employee performance, customer satisfaction, increased sales targeting, and over all culture of the organization, etc. The objective of the interviews was to have the complete picture of what the aims of the management were and to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the CRM systems. The researcher analysed the current situation of the CRM and how effective it was and in line with the IT services and if it supported the business strategy keeping in view the future developments and enhancements in IT. The rate of response from employees and customers was 100% though some customers and employees left very few questions unanswered. The researcher realized the weakness of research validity because it was hard to grasp real feeling of respondents in terms of such contrasts as satisfied/dissatisfied, agree/disagree, etc. Nonetheless, an effort was made to ensure the questions appear to be measuring all important aspects of the construct and results of questionnaires are consistent with results of established measures. In order to gather more reliable and valid data, the researcher also conducted short interviews from some of the employees and customers. These were not pre-planned but helped a lot in explaining the answers in details. The researcher also ensured that interviews and questionnaires follow a specific pattern. The findings are reported below and separate analysis is provided for managers interviews, employees questionnaire and customers questionnaire. Appendix is provided on a separate sheet which contains copies of employees questionnaire, customers questionnaire, and the copy of questions that were asked during the interviews with the manager. It is very important to mention here that the researcher undertook pilot study before the actual commencement of the research. It was a feasibly a very small experiment to test logistics and collect data prior to the greater research in order to improve the quality and efficiency of the questions asked in the interviews and questionnaires. It was important to test the questions designed in the questionnaires before they are actually used in the research in order to determine whether they are conducive towards the research and would pose no problems for the respondent and experts should be consulted to comment on the suitability of the questions and this is regarded as pilot study. The branch manager was approached and informal meeting was held. The researcher asked few short questions (similar to the questions asked in later study but in details). The manager also helped me ask few simple questions from 5 of the employees to test my questionnaire and reveal any deficiency in the desi gn of the proposed experiment. Although it provided limited information but it proved vital for the severity of the proposed procedures. All the information gathered in addition to review of banks own research questions were incorporated into the main study design. However pilot study did not lead to modification of any pre-planned research process. The differences of results from main research were discussed in summary in following sections. 4.2. Qualitative Research Discussion The researcher conducted one pilot interview with branch manager first. After finalising the questions, another formal interview was taken. There were almost same responses in both occasions. Two of the middle line managers were asked for their time for interviews and luckily single interview was taken from both managers. Interview 1 is from branch manager and interview 2 is from line/operational managers. Senior manager was asked questions about overall bank performance and importance of CRM while managers at mid-level were enquired on matters regarding operational functions. Questions asked from senior managers include: How does CRM impact companys performance both directly and indirectly? What is the evidence that CRM improves customer services? What type of CRM software and applications does the bank use? Do you have any CRM implementation policy? How important is CRM requirement in strategic planning? What is your opinion about the use of CRM in the bank? What role does manageme nt and employees play in successful implementation of CRM? Please discuss on future CRM plans? Questions put forward to operational managers include: What are the factors influencing and encouraging the use of CRM? What are the benefits and limitations of CRM for the company? What are the problems encountered by the company in adapting and implementing CRM systems? How do employees respond to CRM? How do customers respond to CRM? What are the operational planning activities CRM provide the bank? How do CRM systems add value on financial packages and services? How CRM does contribute to customer satisfaction and retention? Is CRM proven way of managing customer information? Does CRM assure customer responses? In what ways do CRM contribute to customers loyalty? Does the implementation of CRM affect the company-customer relationship? What are the most important factors influencing CRM in company? Are you satisfied with the adaption and use of CRM? Interview 1: The bank manager in his interview explained that the changing banking environment has affected the way Indian banks used to operate and function. Intense competition, environmental factors such as legal and social, and the ever updating norms of the financial institutions has and impact on the banks to adapt and adjust accordingly and to amend their policies and procedures. He believes that marketing and technology play crucial role for banks as they are the institutions that provide direct services to its clients, therefore HDFC Bank recognises this as stated by branchs managers own words, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Bank understands the significance of the role of technology and marketing for improving customer relations and services especially in the intensely competitive and changing Indian banking sectorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. When enquired about the need for CRM, the manager responded that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The bank needs to maintain data and information about its clients, and must have a system t hat could help the bank improve its customer services; therefore it must have basic CRM technology to track and serve the customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. This led to adaption of latest CRM technologies and processes. Bank manager, in the interview explained that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The bank needed to adapt CRM in order to increase profitability by reducing operational costs in serving the customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. According to his belief, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“HDFC Bank had been facing traditional problems of lack of modern delivery and marketing techniques in current fast emerging digital economyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The Bank constantly searched for means to improve their service and to increase customer base. CRM provided the opportunity for the bank as it brought together relationship of IT and marketing strategies to create profitable and long term relationships with clients. When further questioned about why the bank adapted the CRM policy and procedures, the managers replied, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Satisfying our clients needs was our major focus and was an important factor in implementing our CRM initiative. Some customers demanded the improvement in our approach to managing customer relationships which assisted us deciding to adopt and implement CRM programs capabilitiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. To meet the needs of the customers, HDFC Bank timely started to focus on developing a customer relationship management (CRM) system. Realizing the significance of customer information availability, the project was undertaken by the bank with the spirit that has characterized the whole CRM development. The project has promoted a massive involvement of suggestions from clients, employees and other stakeholders. Strategic plan was developed and targets were set. The management developed the CRM infrastructure and adapted latest CRM procedures. When asked if the bank has any CRM implementation policy, the management answered that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“HDFC Bank has a central policy of using CRM within all its branches which controls all the CRM procedures. The Bank has incorporated the CRM policies into its strategic vision and mission statementsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Although the manager didnt give exact figures on how the bank specifically the main branch has spent on CRM implementation and introduction of new systems but they agree that the bank devote considerable amount of resources to manage CRM. The bank realizes that it is vital that its CRM applications and systems are supported and controlled by qualified and experienced managers. For this reason, all the managers are trained and experienced to bring together professional staff, encouraging communication and coordination among them, promoting team work and instructing ways in quality service and ensure that CRM systems work efficiently. When enquired whether the bank has any evaluation and appraisal in place, the manager responded that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The bank has developed a mechanism to check whether CRM is effectively in good useà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The managers ensure that regular feedback system to consider perspective of the management, employee participation perspective and customer experience perspective. According to the branch manager, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The bank generated better than expected outcomes. CRM has positively influenced every banking function and operationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The manager believes that the bank now provides better and improved banking services. Its operating efficiently and management and employees work more effectively. The speed of the work has improved due to CRM adaption. CRM has helped the bank to target the strategies for better customer services. It has also assisted in facilitating customer service which resulted in satisfied customers and profitable business. The adaption and implementation of CRM by the bank has resulted in improved performance and profitability. Interview 2: Both the middle line managers were questioned about the operational activities of the bank and how the adaption of CRM technology and implementation of CRM processes and procedures has influenced the banking activities. The managers were in charge of the implementation after the senior manager set the strategic plan. They were very much aware of the involvement of bank staff if the CRM adaption was to be successful. One of the managers during the interview discussed that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The major decision they tool to successfully adapt the CRM within the bank environment was to empower its employees in decision makingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The management realized that CRM adaption requires the well trained, educated and experienced staff to work on it. They are theoretically and practically trained on how to utilize latest CRM system and applications. The managers explained that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Employees are given access to customer database so that they can make on the spot and efficien t decisions. They are also empowered to resolve small customer issues themselves, though major complaints are still dealt centrally by the senior management. Employees are also involved in searching, adapting and evaluating CRM needs for the bank. The management emphasises greatly on availability of latest and advanced information and communication technology to its staff and takes extra measures to ensure this happensà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? The managers were also responsible for planning, sorting, reviewing and monitoring work of the employees. The managers believe that the bank now provides better and improved banking services. According to their belief, employees work more enthusiastically, are well motivated and are satisfied with their roles and responsibilities. The managers think that bank processes such as sales and marketing works more efficiently. Due to CRM, the bank can access a wide variety of sources for required information, ideas and experiences. Employees work more effectively by reducing repetitive tasks, decreasing costs, and minimizing risks. They can deal with customer enquiries without any difficulty and resolve many issues on the spot. Another benefit that the bank has received is increase in speed and reliability of banking functions/transactions. CRM has helped the bank to target the strategies for better customer services. It has also assisted in facilitating customer service which resulted in satisfied customers and profitable business. The adaption and implementation of CRM by the bank has resulted in improved performance and profitability. The managers also stated that operational inefficiencies have reduced and few resources are being wasted. CRM also helped developed new incentives for clients by searching their data and records which are collected by latest systems and applications. The most important impact of CRM on bank as felt by managers is the creation of climate of trust that helped in customer loyalty and retention. The management is completely satisfied with the results of CRM use in the bank. Their future plan is simple and that is continuing with the current policy. They understand that CRM technologies rapidly change. It is hard to forecast where CRM technology will be in the next few years. According to the words of the Branch manager, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“We are often one of the first in our industry to detect technological developments that may potentially affect our business. We generally respond very quickly to technological changes in our environmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The management ensure that staff maintains close relations with bank clients. The managers recognise the basic value of the bank and that includes learning as a key to improvement. They believe that they have common language to deal with CRM issues and have a clear division of roles and responsibilities to implement or update CRM. They also think that they have necessary skills and technical competence to absorb the new CRM systems processes, tools and applications. The management agrees unanimously that bank uses CRM to drives profitability, cut costs, reduces risks and improves customer service. The management finds it challenging to ensure clients prefer their services over that of others. The managers believe that the key to develop a close customer relationship and nurture it is to appreciate the needs and cater the requirements of the customers. The bank uses CRM technology to analyze the customer needs and to ensure customer satisfaction. The use of CRM in the bank has become crucial with aggressive strategies employed to gain and retain customers, which has resulted in the adoption of various CRM initiatives to enable the bank to achieve its objectives. The management realized to build a close relationship between IT and marketing aspects of CRM to develop lasting client retention. In summary by introducing and adapting the latest CRM methods, techniques, applications and systems, banks can provide be tter customer service, increase customer revenues, discover new customers, sell products more effectively, help sales staff close deals faster, make call centres more efficient, simplify marketing and sales processes. 4.3.1. Quantitative Findings (Employees) What is your opinion about the use of CRM in the bank? Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Enables cost reduction 7% 28% 48% 17% Improves efficiency 22% 29% 26% 23% Reduces time 43% 25% 22% 10% Improves communication 65% 16% 16% 3% Avoids redundancy 62% 24% 10% 4% Better customer relationship 81% 15% 3% 1% Enables market research 38% 33% 20% 9% Provides customer information 89% 7% 4% 0% A huge majority (89%) agree that by using CRM, employees can have access to customer information. Majority of the employees (71%) believe that CRM system and applications help in carrying out market research easily. Almost all (96%) of employees agree that CRM help in improving and maintaining better customer relationship management. 81% of them agree that communication among employees and with customers improve due to use of CRM. 86% agree to the notion that it reduces the work to be repeated and minimizes mistakes. Half of the employees (51%) said that CRM improves bank efficiency and only 38% answered positively that it enables in cost reduction. Half of the employees stayed neutral to this question. Please comment on the importance of CRM for employees? 64% of the employees strongly believe that adaption and use of CRM for bank is very important. Other 27% also agree and consider it important while only 9% consider its importance average. None responded negatively. Are you satisfied with the use of CRM in the bank? 60% of the respondents stated that they are satisfied with the use of CRM in their bank, 21% are on the view that they are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied while 19% showed their dissatisfaction. Please express your views on the reliability of CRM software and applications? Only 41% of the employees consider the CRM system and applications used in the bank as reliable. 50% are neutral and remaining 9% consider CRM unreliable. 4.3.2. Quantitative Findings (Customers) Please tell if you are you satisfied with the service quality? 87% of the customers are satisfied with the bank services and approved the quality of services provided by the bank. Only a small minority of 3% noted their dissatisfaction. Do you agree that there is sufficient staff-customer communication? 36% of customers believe that there is sufficient communication between employees and customers, 46% are neutral and remaining 18% hinted their disagreement. How do you find the communication between bank staff and customers? 3/4th of the customers asked find the communication good and better and only 12% think that it still can be improved. The other 12% stated the poor communication between bank and them. How do you find friendliness and helpfulness of the staff service? Majority (79%) of the customers consider the staff friendliness and helpfulness as good and excellent. 10% rated it as average and 11% rated it as poor. Please rate your satisfaction level in regards to steps taken by the bank in delivering the services? Third fourth (76%) of the surveyed customers responded positively to this question and agree that bank has improved its services very well. On a scale of 1 (dissatisfied) to 5 (satisfied), how would you rate your level of satisfaction in regards to service value? Only 14% of the customers are placed in the dissatisfaction zone 2/3rd are satisfied with the value of the bank service they receive. Are you satisfied with the banks response to your queries? 1/3rd of the customers pointed out their dissatisfaction with the bank response to their issues and 60% answered their satisfaction to this matter. How do you view timeliness and quality of response? 71% of the customers positively view the timeliness and quality of steps taken by bank to resolve their queries. 1/4th consider it as lacking in quality. Do you agree that customer service has improved? 100% Agree How would you rate the overall quality of your relationship with bank, considering all of your experiences with them? 76% responses are positive and only 6% answers are negative on rating the overall quality of their relationship with the bank. 4.4.1. Employees Questionnaire Discussion Adaption and use of CRM by HDFC could have been effective only with the support and cooperation of bank staff. Management recognised this and took the appropriate steps as explained in the interview analysis. Even the bank employees realized that their support was crucial if the new system and application had to work because they are the persons that interact with customers directly and this interaction greatly influences the relationship of the bank with customers. Successful adaption was only possible in HDFC Bank if employees were motivated and enthusiastic to cooperate with the CRM processes. The employees were properly trained to use the system and CRM tools to improve the bank services. It was very important for the researcher to take employees views in this dissertation, because their perceptions, perspectives morale, skills, experience and satisfaction all influence the work performance and consequently bank performance. These factors are affected by sudden change in the organization specifically if it is technology related. In the survey results, bank employees in general showed satisfaction towards the CRM use within the bank environment. Majority of them agree that new ICT tools for CRM system and applications have helped improve their communication within the bank with colleagues and managers, and externally with customers. When asked by the researcher about the problem of repeating tasks, they collectively replied that this issue has been reduced to minimum due to CRM in bank. Employees can access the database where all the information of specific client is provided, just enter the reference or other details, and the information comes in front of them. This h as helped a lot in risk reduction, quality work in less time and effective performance. Employees believe that customers feel satisfied with the service they provide. Two third of the surveyed employees believe that CRM utilities are very important for their performance and they are completely satisfied with the use of CRM technology and procedures. However many employees have concerns for its reliability and they feel that they have to constantly update their knowledge of its use as the technology changes rapidly. Overall the employees responses were positive as they expect more benefits with little or no limitations in the use of CRM to improve bank performance and services. They have used the new technology, process, procedures, tools and systems related to CRM and they believe that CRM is essential for Bank for current and future use as it directly and/or indirectly affects their performance that in turn improves bank performance as employees provide quality services. 4.4.2. Customers Questionnaire Discussion Banks understand that customer satisfaction is an important variable in order to retain the existing clients or gain the new ones. Poor customer satisfaction leads to a decline in customer loyalty, and given the extended offerings from the competitors, customers easily switch banks. HDFC understands the importance of customer satisfaction and value the customer relationships. CRM was introduced to improve customer services and relationships with customers. The information gathered by the bank management reveals that customers are generally satisfied with the services provided by the bank. The following analysis is the assessment and measurement by the researcher. This research is directed to find the perceptions of the customers towards services provided by HDFC bank and whether these are improved. The researcher tried to describe the research motives behind the findings through this questionnaire. The main aim was to gain the customers impression and assess the efficiency of the CRM system, technology, processes and applications applied by the bank. The researcher attempted to gauge how well CRM influenced the services. Vast majority of the customers disclosed their satisfaction on the bank services. Although the figure remained the same if compared with the survey conducted by the bank few months ago but almost all the customers agreed that the bank service has improved ever since. When asked about the communication process between them and the bank, the reply was not encouraging as many customers feel that this area still needs to be improved. Most customers want face to face interaction and require the bank to provide services for longer hours. If compared with the previous data collected, this survey suggests that communication has improved mainly due to telephone service for minor complaints and information. Although it is good but cannot be considered sufficient. When enquired about the friendliness and helpfulness of the bank staff, many customers respo nded that employees provide good service with better attitude than before. They tend to their issues with sympathy and try to resolve the queries professionally and effectively. They admire that the bank is working hard to train its employees in skills for improved customer service. They also appreciate the introduction of CRM processes that led to improvement in all areas. 4.5. Importance of CRM for Bank in Summary The results generated from the interviews and surveys conclude that CRM has had a very positive effect on the bank performance. It not only helped employees learn and improve but also influenced their morale and motivation. This has an indirect effect on the way bank serve its customers. By adapting CRM processes, the bank has provided its customers with satisfactory services which increased customer loyalty and helped build better relations. CRM has an impact on every bank operation and function. CRM has guided bank to induct latest technological system and application to collect, analyse and use customer information effectively and efficiently run the day to day operations of the bank. CRM has provided a means to better communication and coordination of employees with customers. Other benefits that have been gained include reduction in cost, speedy transactions, reliable flow of information. The bank has achieved the overall objectives of using technology to organize, automate, and synchronize business processes with the implementation of CRM and has been successful in finding, attracting, and wining new clients, and reducing the costs of marketing and client service. The bank realizes the importance of CRM todays competitive environment that it considers it as an integral part of its strategic business plan. CRM integrated approach makes all the difference to satisfying customers, retaining their loyalty, providing added value and generating growth. In fact, CRM might be the difference between the bank to flourish and failure to survive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 5: Conclusion Recommendations 5.1. Research Summary Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is an organizational strategy that can assist a bank to build lasting relationship with its clients and improve its performance by increasing revenue and productivity. CRM in the banking industry is of great importance. Today, banking is more customer-centric, unlike the yester when it was transaction-centric. CRM is essential and vital function of customer oriented marketing. However there is more to CRM than just client management. CRM is a broad approach to create, maintain, and expand relationship with customers. It is a strategic plan that aims in understanding, anticipating, managing and personalizing the organizational needs of current as well as potential customers. The idea behind this is that it would help the bank to effectively utilize technology and other resources to gain insight into the clients behaviour and customers values. If adapted and implemented successfully, CRM can help banks provide better customer service, make banking operations more efficient and simplify selling and marketing processes. CRM is a comprehensive approach to cater, maintain and expand customer relationships. It is important for banks to use CRM strategy that aims to understand, anticipate, manage and personalize the needs of banks current and potential customers. CRM applications deliver many benefits across organizational processes and functions. It reshapes the workplace environment and influences the ways business being carried. Successful integration or adaption of CRM system in the banks may not be as easy as it looks. Every concept has limitations such as limitation of finance, resistance to change, government regulations, etc.; so does the CRM in banks. Banks can overcome many of the limitations by efficiency managing CRM and adapting some comprehensive CRM model along with effective CRM software. Managers play an important role to minimize risks. CRM manager is a key factor who can effectively manage the issues related to CRM. It is vital for banks that their CRM applications and systems are supported and controlled by qualified and experienced manager. Bringing together trained and professional staff, encouraging communication and coordination among them, promoting team working and instructing ways in quality service, are some of the duties managers have to perform in order for CRM to work efficiently and harvest benefits. The banks need CRM to survive as it is impossible nowadays not to focus upon the customer expectations. CRM is needed because of ever changing technology and highly competitive banking sector in India. The importance of CRM can be assessed by evaluating CRM that provides enhanced opportunities to use data and information to both understand customers and create value. The ultimate purpose of the CRM is to improve performance and to assess how well the bank needs are met by CRM adaption and implementation. 5.2. Conclusion The aim of this dissertation was to examine the importance of CRM for HDFC Bank. To achieve this aim, following objectives were set: To analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of CRM services provided by the HDFC Bank, to examine the effects of CRM on business performance and operational effectiveness and to evaluate the improvements in customer service due to Importance Of CRM For HDFC Bank Importance Of CRM For HDFC Bank The aim of this dissertation was to examine the importance of CRM for HDFC Bank. To achieve this aim, following objectives were set: To analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of CRM services provided by the HDFC Bank, to examine the effects of CRM on business performance and operational effectiveness and to evaluate the improvements in customer service due to it, to assess the awareness of the bank employees to the concept of CRM and its benefits for the organization, to determine the extent of customer satisfaction level by conducting interviews, distributing questionnaire and carrying out a survey in HDFC Bank, to gather relevant data and critically analyzing it using a vast variety of sources and research tools. The chapter encompass the analysis and evaluation of the data collected via different research methods and includes both quantitative and qualitative measures taken into account and discussed upon. The researcher presented much of the quantitative data into graphs so tha t it could easily be understood. As discussed in the last chapter, interviews were conducted from branch manager and two of the middle line managers. Survey was conducted from randomly selected 80 (+3 later) customers to gain their views; along with it, short questionnaires were also distributed to randomly chosen 30 bank employees to take into account their perspectives about the adaption and use of CRM in the bank. Interviews were purposely kept informal and qualitative data was collected about the banks strategy, plan, objectives and actions taken regarding the adaption and use of CRM system and applications. In the interviews, the researcher inquired about many other things which are discussed in the qualitative analysis below. The survey from employees was mainly concerning the effects of CRM on their performance and how it affected their day to day bank functions and operations. Questionnaires from customers included their perceptions about the bank services and whether those improved. The data gathered by interviews provided helpful information about the bank strategic plans and policies and gave insight into the banking operations. It also provided information on customer relation management systems, infrastructure of information and technology, and its effects on the employee performance, customer satisfaction, increased sales targeting, and over all culture of the organization, etc. The objective of the interviews was to have the complete picture of what the aims of the management were and to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the CRM systems. The researcher analysed the current situation of the CRM and how effective it was and in line with the IT services and if it supported the business strategy keeping in view the future developments and enhancements in IT. The rate of response from employees and customers was 100% though some customers and employees left very few questions unanswered. The researcher realized the weakness of research validity because it was hard to grasp real feeling of respondents in terms of such contrasts as satisfied/dissatisfied, agree/disagree, etc. Nonetheless, an effort was made to ensure the questions appear to be measuring all important aspects of the construct and results of questionnaires are consistent with results of established measures. In order to gather more reliable and valid data, the researcher also conducted short interviews from some of the employees and customers. These were not pre-planned but helped a lot in explaining the answers in details. The researcher also ensured that interviews and questionnaires follow a specific pattern. The findings are reported below and separate analysis is provided for managers interviews, employees questionnaire and customers questionnaire. Appendix is provided on a separate sheet which contains copies of employees questionnaire, customers questionnaire, and the copy of questions that were asked during the interviews with the manager. It is very important to mention here that the researcher undertook pilot study before the actual commencement of the research. It was a feasibly a very small experiment to test logistics and collect data prior to the greater research in order to improve the quality and efficiency of the questions asked in the interviews and questionnaires. It was important to test the questions designed in the questionnaires before they are actually used in the research in order to determine whether they are conducive towards the research and would pose no problems for the respondent and experts should be consulted to comment on the suitability of the questions and this is regarded as pilot study. The branch manager was approached and informal meeting was held. The researcher asked few short questions (similar to the questions asked in later study but in details). The manager also helped me ask few simple questions from 5 of the employees to test my questionnaire and reveal any deficiency in the desi gn of the proposed experiment. Although it provided limited information but it proved vital for the severity of the proposed procedures. All the information gathered in addition to review of banks own research questions were incorporated into the main study design. However pilot study did not lead to modification of any pre-planned research process. The differences of results from main research were discussed in summary in following sections. 4.2. Qualitative Research Discussion The researcher conducted one pilot interview with branch manager first. After finalising the questions, another formal interview was taken. There were almost same responses in both occasions. Two of the middle line managers were asked for their time for interviews and luckily single interview was taken from both managers. Interview 1 is from branch manager and interview 2 is from line/operational managers. Senior manager was asked questions about overall bank performance and importance of CRM while managers at mid-level were enquired on matters regarding operational functions. Questions asked from senior managers include: How does CRM impact companys performance both directly and indirectly? What is the evidence that CRM improves customer services? What type of CRM software and applications does the bank use? Do you have any CRM implementation policy? How important is CRM requirement in strategic planning? What is your opinion about the use of CRM in the bank? What role does manageme nt and employees play in successful implementation of CRM? Please discuss on future CRM plans? Questions put forward to operational managers include: What are the factors influencing and encouraging the use of CRM? What are the benefits and limitations of CRM for the company? What are the problems encountered by the company in adapting and implementing CRM systems? How do employees respond to CRM? How do customers respond to CRM? What are the operational planning activities CRM provide the bank? How do CRM systems add value on financial packages and services? How CRM does contribute to customer satisfaction and retention? Is CRM proven way of managing customer information? Does CRM assure customer responses? In what ways do CRM contribute to customers loyalty? Does the implementation of CRM affect the company-customer relationship? What are the most important factors influencing CRM in company? Are you satisfied with the adaption and use of CRM? Interview 1: The bank manager in his interview explained that the changing banking environment has affected the way Indian banks used to operate and function. Intense competition, environmental factors such as legal and social, and the ever updating norms of the financial institutions has and impact on the banks to adapt and adjust accordingly and to amend their policies and procedures. He believes that marketing and technology play crucial role for banks as they are the institutions that provide direct services to its clients, therefore HDFC Bank recognises this as stated by branchs managers own words, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Bank understands the significance of the role of technology and marketing for improving customer relations and services especially in the intensely competitive and changing Indian banking sectorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. When enquired about the need for CRM, the manager responded that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The bank needs to maintain data and information about its clients, and must have a system t hat could help the bank improve its customer services; therefore it must have basic CRM technology to track and serve the customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. This led to adaption of latest CRM technologies and processes. Bank manager, in the interview explained that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The bank needed to adapt CRM in order to increase profitability by reducing operational costs in serving the customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. According to his belief, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“HDFC Bank had been facing traditional problems of lack of modern delivery and marketing techniques in current fast emerging digital economyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The Bank constantly searched for means to improve their service and to increase customer base. CRM provided the opportunity for the bank as it brought together relationship of IT and marketing strategies to create profitable and long term relationships with clients. When further questioned about why the bank adapted the CRM policy and procedures, the managers replied, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Satisfying our clients needs was our major focus and was an important factor in implementing our CRM initiative. Some customers demanded the improvement in our approach to managing customer relationships which assisted us deciding to adopt and implement CRM programs capabilitiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. To meet the needs of the customers, HDFC Bank timely started to focus on developing a customer relationship management (CRM) system. Realizing the significance of customer information availability, the project was undertaken by the bank with the spirit that has characterized the whole CRM development. The project has promoted a massive involvement of suggestions from clients, employees and other stakeholders. Strategic plan was developed and targets were set. The management developed the CRM infrastructure and adapted latest CRM procedures. When asked if the bank has any CRM implementation policy, the management answered that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“HDFC Bank has a central policy of using CRM within all its branches which controls all the CRM procedures. The Bank has incorporated the CRM policies into its strategic vision and mission statementsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Although the manager didnt give exact figures on how the bank specifically the main branch has spent on CRM implementation and introduction of new systems but they agree that the bank devote considerable amount of resources to manage CRM. The bank realizes that it is vital that its CRM applications and systems are supported and controlled by qualified and experienced managers. For this reason, all the managers are trained and experienced to bring together professional staff, encouraging communication and coordination among them, promoting team work and instructing ways in quality service and ensure that CRM systems work efficiently. When enquired whether the bank has any evaluation and appraisal in place, the manager responded that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The bank has developed a mechanism to check whether CRM is effectively in good useà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The managers ensure that regular feedback system to consider perspective of the management, employee participation perspective and customer experience perspective. According to the branch manager, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The bank generated better than expected outcomes. CRM has positively influenced every banking function and operationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The manager believes that the bank now provides better and improved banking services. Its operating efficiently and management and employees work more effectively. The speed of the work has improved due to CRM adaption. CRM has helped the bank to target the strategies for better customer services. It has also assisted in facilitating customer service which resulted in satisfied customers and profitable business. The adaption and implementation of CRM by the bank has resulted in improved performance and profitability. Interview 2: Both the middle line managers were questioned about the operational activities of the bank and how the adaption of CRM technology and implementation of CRM processes and procedures has influenced the banking activities. The managers were in charge of the implementation after the senior manager set the strategic plan. They were very much aware of the involvement of bank staff if the CRM adaption was to be successful. One of the managers during the interview discussed that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The major decision they tool to successfully adapt the CRM within the bank environment was to empower its employees in decision makingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The management realized that CRM adaption requires the well trained, educated and experienced staff to work on it. They are theoretically and practically trained on how to utilize latest CRM system and applications. The managers explained that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Employees are given access to customer database so that they can make on the spot and efficien t decisions. They are also empowered to resolve small customer issues themselves, though major complaints are still dealt centrally by the senior management. Employees are also involved in searching, adapting and evaluating CRM needs for the bank. The management emphasises greatly on availability of latest and advanced information and communication technology to its staff and takes extra measures to ensure this happensà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? The managers were also responsible for planning, sorting, reviewing and monitoring work of the employees. The managers believe that the bank now provides better and improved banking services. According to their belief, employees work more enthusiastically, are well motivated and are satisfied with their roles and responsibilities. The managers think that bank processes such as sales and marketing works more efficiently. Due to CRM, the bank can access a wide variety of sources for required information, ideas and experiences. Employees work more effectively by reducing repetitive tasks, decreasing costs, and minimizing risks. They can deal with customer enquiries without any difficulty and resolve many issues on the spot. Another benefit that the bank has received is increase in speed and reliability of banking functions/transactions. CRM has helped the bank to target the strategies for better customer services. It has also assisted in facilitating customer service which resulted in satisfied customers and profitable business. The adaption and implementation of CRM by the bank has resulted in improved performance and profitability. The managers also stated that operational inefficiencies have reduced and few resources are being wasted. CRM also helped developed new incentives for clients by searching their data and records which are collected by latest systems and applications. The most important impact of CRM on bank as felt by managers is the creation of climate of trust that helped in customer loyalty and retention. The management is completely satisfied with the results of CRM use in the bank. Their future plan is simple and that is continuing with the current policy. They understand that CRM technologies rapidly change. It is hard to forecast where CRM technology will be in the next few years. According to the words of the Branch manager, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“We are often one of the first in our industry to detect technological developments that may potentially affect our business. We generally respond very quickly to technological changes in our environmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The management ensure that staff maintains close relations with bank clients. The managers recognise the basic value of the bank and that includes learning as a key to improvement. They believe that they have common language to deal with CRM issues and have a clear division of roles and responsibilities to implement or update CRM. They also think that they have necessary skills and technical competence to absorb the new CRM systems processes, tools and applications. The management agrees unanimously that bank uses CRM to drives profitability, cut costs, reduces risks and improves customer service. The management finds it challenging to ensure clients prefer their services over that of others. The managers believe that the key to develop a close customer relationship and nurture it is to appreciate the needs and cater the requirements of the customers. The bank uses CRM technology to analyze the customer needs and to ensure customer satisfaction. The use of CRM in the bank has become crucial with aggressive strategies employed to gain and retain customers, which has resulted in the adoption of various CRM initiatives to enable the bank to achieve its objectives. The management realized to build a close relationship between IT and marketing aspects of CRM to develop lasting client retention. In summary by introducing and adapting the latest CRM methods, techniques, applications and systems, banks can provide be tter customer service, increase customer revenues, discover new customers, sell products more effectively, help sales staff close deals faster, make call centres more efficient, simplify marketing and sales processes. 4.3.1. Quantitative Findings (Employees) What is your opinion about the use of CRM in the bank? Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Enables cost reduction 7% 28% 48% 17% Improves efficiency 22% 29% 26% 23% Reduces time 43% 25% 22% 10% Improves communication 65% 16% 16% 3% Avoids redundancy 62% 24% 10% 4% Better customer relationship 81% 15% 3% 1% Enables market research 38% 33% 20% 9% Provides customer information 89% 7% 4% 0% A huge majority (89%) agree that by using CRM, employees can have access to customer information. Majority of the employees (71%) believe that CRM system and applications help in carrying out market research easily. Almost all (96%) of employees agree that CRM help in improving and maintaining better customer relationship management. 81% of them agree that communication among employees and with customers improve due to use of CRM. 86% agree to the notion that it reduces the work to be repeated and minimizes mistakes. Half of the employees (51%) said that CRM improves bank efficiency and only 38% answered positively that it enables in cost reduction. Half of the employees stayed neutral to this question. Please comment on the importance of CRM for employees? 64% of the employees strongly believe that adaption and use of CRM for bank is very important. Other 27% also agree and consider it important while only 9% consider its importance average. None responded negatively. Are you satisfied with the use of CRM in the bank? 60% of the respondents stated that they are satisfied with the use of CRM in their bank, 21% are on the view that they are neither satisfied nor dissatisfied while 19% showed their dissatisfaction. Please express your views on the reliability of CRM software and applications? Only 41% of the employees consider the CRM system and applications used in the bank as reliable. 50% are neutral and remaining 9% consider CRM unreliable. 4.3.2. Quantitative Findings (Customers) Please tell if you are you satisfied with the service quality? 87% of the customers are satisfied with the bank services and approved the quality of services provided by the bank. Only a small minority of 3% noted their dissatisfaction. Do you agree that there is sufficient staff-customer communication? 36% of customers believe that there is sufficient communication between employees and customers, 46% are neutral and remaining 18% hinted their disagreement. How do you find the communication between bank staff and customers? 3/4th of the customers asked find the communication good and better and only 12% think that it still can be improved. The other 12% stated the poor communication between bank and them. How do you find friendliness and helpfulness of the staff service? Majority (79%) of the customers consider the staff friendliness and helpfulness as good and excellent. 10% rated it as average and 11% rated it as poor. Please rate your satisfaction level in regards to steps taken by the bank in delivering the services? Third fourth (76%) of the surveyed customers responded positively to this question and agree that bank has improved its services very well. On a scale of 1 (dissatisfied) to 5 (satisfied), how would you rate your level of satisfaction in regards to service value? Only 14% of the customers are placed in the dissatisfaction zone 2/3rd are satisfied with the value of the bank service they receive. Are you satisfied with the banks response to your queries? 1/3rd of the customers pointed out their dissatisfaction with the bank response to their issues and 60% answered their satisfaction to this matter. How do you view timeliness and quality of response? 71% of the customers positively view the timeliness and quality of steps taken by bank to resolve their queries. 1/4th consider it as lacking in quality. Do you agree that customer service has improved? 100% Agree How would you rate the overall quality of your relationship with bank, considering all of your experiences with them? 76% responses are positive and only 6% answers are negative on rating the overall quality of their relationship with the bank. 4.4.1. Employees Questionnaire Discussion Adaption and use of CRM by HDFC could have been effective only with the support and cooperation of bank staff. Management recognised this and took the appropriate steps as explained in the interview analysis. Even the bank employees realized that their support was crucial if the new system and application had to work because they are the persons that interact with customers directly and this interaction greatly influences the relationship of the bank with customers. Successful adaption was only possible in HDFC Bank if employees were motivated and enthusiastic to cooperate with the CRM processes. The employees were properly trained to use the system and CRM tools to improve the bank services. It was very important for the researcher to take employees views in this dissertation, because their perceptions, perspectives morale, skills, experience and satisfaction all influence the work performance and consequently bank performance. These factors are affected by sudden change in the organization specifically if it is technology related. In the survey results, bank employees in general showed satisfaction towards the CRM use within the bank environment. Majority of them agree that new ICT tools for CRM system and applications have helped improve their communication within the bank with colleagues and managers, and externally with customers. When asked by the researcher about the problem of repeating tasks, they collectively replied that this issue has been reduced to minimum due to CRM in bank. Employees can access the database where all the information of specific client is provided, just enter the reference or other details, and the information comes in front of them. This h as helped a lot in risk reduction, quality work in less time and effective performance. Employees believe that customers feel satisfied with the service they provide. Two third of the surveyed employees believe that CRM utilities are very important for their performance and they are completely satisfied with the use of CRM technology and procedures. However many employees have concerns for its reliability and they feel that they have to constantly update their knowledge of its use as the technology changes rapidly. Overall the employees responses were positive as they expect more benefits with little or no limitations in the use of CRM to improve bank performance and services. They have used the new technology, process, procedures, tools and systems related to CRM and they believe that CRM is essential for Bank for current and future use as it directly and/or indirectly affects their performance that in turn improves bank performance as employees provide quality services. 4.4.2. Customers Questionnaire Discussion Banks understand that customer satisfaction is an important variable in order to retain the existing clients or gain the new ones. Poor customer satisfaction leads to a decline in customer loyalty, and given the extended offerings from the competitors, customers easily switch banks. HDFC understands the importance of customer satisfaction and value the customer relationships. CRM was introduced to improve customer services and relationships with customers. The information gathered by the bank management reveals that customers are generally satisfied with the services provided by the bank. The following analysis is the assessment and measurement by the researcher. This research is directed to find the perceptions of the customers towards services provided by HDFC bank and whether these are improved. The researcher tried to describe the research motives behind the findings through this questionnaire. The main aim was to gain the customers impression and assess the efficiency of the CRM system, technology, processes and applications applied by the bank. The researcher attempted to gauge how well CRM influenced the services. Vast majority of the customers disclosed their satisfaction on the bank services. Although the figure remained the same if compared with the survey conducted by the bank few months ago but almost all the customers agreed that the bank service has improved ever since. When asked about the communication process between them and the bank, the reply was not encouraging as many customers feel that this area still needs to be improved. Most customers want face to face interaction and require the bank to provide services for longer hours. If compared with the previous data collected, this survey suggests that communication has improved mainly due to telephone service for minor complaints and information. Although it is good but cannot be considered sufficient. When enquired about the friendliness and helpfulness of the bank staff, many customers respo nded that employees provide good service with better attitude than before. They tend to their issues with sympathy and try to resolve the queries professionally and effectively. They admire that the bank is working hard to train its employees in skills for improved customer service. They also appreciate the introduction of CRM processes that led to improvement in all areas. 4.5. Importance of CRM for Bank in Summary The results generated from the interviews and surveys conclude that CRM has had a very positive effect on the bank performance. It not only helped employees learn and improve but also influenced their morale and motivation. This has an indirect effect on the way bank serve its customers. By adapting CRM processes, the bank has provided its customers with satisfactory services which increased customer loyalty and helped build better relations. CRM has an impact on every bank operation and function. CRM has guided bank to induct latest technological system and application to collect, analyse and use customer information effectively and efficiently run the day to day operations of the bank. CRM has provided a means to better communication and coordination of employees with customers. Other benefits that have been gained include reduction in cost, speedy transactions, reliable flow of information. The bank has achieved the overall objectives of using technology to organize, automate, and synchronize business processes with the implementation of CRM and has been successful in finding, attracting, and wining new clients, and reducing the costs of marketing and client service. The bank realizes the importance of CRM todays competitive environment that it considers it as an integral part of its strategic business plan. CRM integrated approach makes all the difference to satisfying customers, retaining their loyalty, providing added value and generating growth. In fact, CRM might be the difference between the bank to flourish and failure to survive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 5: Conclusion Recommendations 5.1. Research Summary Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is an organizational strategy that can assist a bank to build lasting relationship with its clients and improve its performance by increasing revenue and productivity. CRM in the banking industry is of great importance. Today, banking is more customer-centric, unlike the yester when it was transaction-centric. CRM is essential and vital function of customer oriented marketing. However there is more to CRM than just client management. CRM is a broad approach to create, maintain, and expand relationship with customers. It is a strategic plan that aims in understanding, anticipating, managing and personalizing the organizational needs of current as well as potential customers. The idea behind this is that it would help the bank to effectively utilize technology and other resources to gain insight into the clients behaviour and customers values. If adapted and implemented successfully, CRM can help banks provide better customer service, make banking operations more efficient and simplify selling and marketing processes. CRM is a comprehensive approach to cater, maintain and expand customer relationships. It is important for banks to use CRM strategy that aims to understand, anticipate, manage and personalize the needs of banks current and potential customers. CRM applications deliver many benefits across organizational processes and functions. It reshapes the workplace environment and influences the ways business being carried. Successful integration or adaption of CRM system in the banks may not be as easy as it looks. Every concept has limitations such as limitation of finance, resistance to change, government regulations, etc.; so does the CRM in banks. Banks can overcome many of the limitations by efficiency managing CRM and adapting some comprehensive CRM model along with effective CRM software. Managers play an important role to minimize risks. CRM manager is a key factor who can effectively manage the issues related to CRM. It is vital for banks that their CRM applications and systems are supported and controlled by qualified and experienced manager. Bringing together trained and professional staff, encouraging communication and coordination among them, promoting team working and instructing ways in quality service, are some of the duties managers have to perform in order for CRM to work efficiently and harvest benefits. The banks need CRM to survive as it is impossible nowadays not to focus upon the customer expectations. CRM is needed because of ever changing technology and highly competitive banking sector in India. The importance of CRM can be assessed by evaluating CRM that provides enhanced opportunities to use data and information to both understand customers and create value. The ultimate purpose of the CRM is to improve performance and to assess how well the bank needs are met by CRM adaption and implementation. 5.2. Conclusion The aim of this dissertation was to examine the importance of CRM for HDFC Bank. To achieve this aim, following objectives were set: To analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of CRM services provided by the HDFC Bank, to examine the effects of CRM on business performance and operational effectiveness and to evaluate the improvements in customer service due to