Why Smoking Should be Banned

Smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths in the United States, and doing it in public is even worse because smokers not only harm themselves, but also those around them. I remember how my great uncle would always smoke in his house regardless of his surroundings. When his daughter visited him for a vacation, she brought her three year old daughter with her. The baby was healthy before coming to her grandpa's house, but in less than two weeks, she had developed ear infections and started to cough. When they went to the doctors' office to find out how she had gotten it, the doctor linked it back to the second hand smoke that she was breathing in. When my great uncle found out about it, he finally started to care about where he was smoking and who he was with, and decided that he would smoke in a secluded place where no one but him may be affected. Like my great uncle in the past, many smokers think they could do whatever they want because it is their body, but to me, their right ends where my health begins. I believe that smoking in public places should be banned at a federal level because even the smallest wisp of smoke can do a lot of damage to the people around them and the environment. Smoking has been proven to have many deadly effects on humans and the environment that it would make sense to ban people doing it in public. Cigarettes negatively affect the environment in many ways that not many people seem to realize. According to a study by Tree Hugger â€Å"more than 4. 5 trillion non-biodegradable filter-tipped cigarettes are thrown away annually somewhere in the world† (McLaren). Most cigarette butts are not thrown away properly because many can be easily found on the streets and even near bodies of water. â€Å"It takes about 18 months to 10 years for cigarette butts to decompose† (McLaren). It would make it easier for trash to keep on piling up, making the world a dirtier place. Not only does the trash make the environment look unattractive but it also affects animals. When a cigarette butt is thrown near a water source, it may contaminate an aquatic ecosystem. According to Tree Hugger, cigarette butts have been found inside the stomachs of birds and fishes (McLaren). It is horrible to know that some of the fishes that we have eaten may have been contaminated by cigarette butts. Though many smokers already know of the health risks that come with smoking cigarettes, but what most of them do not, is how secondhand smoking can affect other people. â€Å"Breathing in low doses of secondhand smoke can increase a person’s risk of heart attack† according to a study by Dr. Meyers, a professor of Cardiology and Preventive Medicine at University of Kansas (Sciencedaily. com). Smokers should not risk non-smokers for something that they do. In continuation of Dr. Meyers’ study is that, â€Å"secondhand smoking increases the likelihood of a heart attack by making the blood â€Å"sticky†, making it more prone to clotting, and reducing the amount of good cholesterol in the body† (Sciencedaily. com). Non-smokers should no t be worrying about paying more medical bills, especially in today’s economic situation. Many businesses provide health insurance to their employees. According to a statistical data collected by Live Strong, employers spend an extra $49 million in medical costs for employees who are exposed to secondhand smoking in their jobs (Nelson). Employers would be able to hire more people with the money that is being used to pay for medical bills that could be prevented. Smoking banned in public places may lead to less pollution, non-smokers not getting harmed, and employers saving money from unneeded medical bills that could be used to hire more employees. Whenever I ask a smoker why they smoke, many respond in something like, â€Å"It’s my own body; I can do whatever I want with it. † According to a report by Dr. Stillman, co-director of the Institute for Global Tobacco Control at Johns Hopkins University, says, â€Å"Inhaling the complex mixture of compounds in tobacco smoke can cause cancer, cardiovascular disease and lung disease† (Shrieves). Though it is their own body, we all share the same air, and the smoke that cigarettes produce is contaminating our air, which may also harm a other people. Most people think that smoking and bars go together like two peas in a pod, and many think that by banning smoking in public places will lead to a decrease of revenue in some businesses. According to a report collected by the CDC, â€Å"a smoke-free indoor air ordinance that was passed in El Paso, Texas, proved that there were no statistically significant changes in restaurant and bar revenues after the smoking ban took effect† (CDC. gov). It is more beneficial to people to ban smoking seeing as there is no change in revenues and it would not affect the economy. Ban of smoking in public places in a federal level is much more favorable to non-smokers and makes no significant changes in revenues in businesses. Smoking in public should be banned at a federal level without question. Smoking negatively affects people, the environment and businesses. There are no logical reasons to allow smoking in public places and doing so does not benefit anyone but cigarette makers. Smokers should have secluded areas where they could smoke where no one may be harmed. The government should provide trash cans in these areas so smokers would not just throw their cigarette butts on the floor. Anyone caught smoking in public places and littering their cigarettes should be fined. Smoking endangers people who chose not to engage in the same reckless behavior, like my baby cousin who had gotten so sick because of my great uncle’s smoking. It also dirties our environment and harms other animals that are in search of food. Businesses who provide health insurance to their workers affected by second hand smoking are wasting money that could be used to hire more employees. Banning smoking in public may lead to a better way of life and a healthier place to live.

How Do I See Myself 10 Years from Now Essay

The way I see myself ten years ahead of now is not something I often think about. To tell you the truth, it scares me a little to know that in one short decade I will be twenty eight years old, and that my years of youth are coming to an end. One thing I’m certain of, is that if God gives me the opportunity to get to that age, I will make the most of my years and put all of my effort to become a successful, happy woman. A vision I’ve always had of myself years ahead of now is a wealthy business woman that owns an art academy, and is a world-wide well known artist. I will have graduated from a bachelor in fine arts from college, as well as a master in painting and business administration. My institution will give art education to people of all ages, guiding them to a successful career in the arts, as the one I will be having. My academy will give scholarships to gifted young people who have outstanding artistic abilities, passion for the art, and determination. I will get financial support from many companies interested in my work, and maybe even get the chance to expand my business internationally. see more:where do i see myself in 5 years essay People around the whole world will be very interested in my works of art, which will include paintings and photographs. Many awards will have been given to me not only for my art, but also because of my work for the community, and my occupational achievements. I see myself becoming very famous internationally and an esteemed artist in the eyes of many persons. In some years, I will be taking care of my dad’s horses, and with them, not only develop a recognized and well-bred herd of Lousitano equines, but also have horseback riding as a hobby I will often be able to do. Although I will have a busy life, I will also have plenty of time to paint and ride horses, as well as a relationship with a good, funny, handsome, well-mannered man who will make me very happy; I might even adopt a couple of children and raise them to be good, successful and loving people. Much of the money I earn will help young people with economical limitations to receive a good education, so they can make Guatemala a better place, as I will be by creating work opportunities and helping the people in need. I’m sure that with perseverance and the help of the people I love, as well as God’s, I will have the chance to travel around the world and meet many beautiful places. By the time I turn 28, I will have visited dozens of countries around the world, and known places of incredible beauty. Another one of my wishes is to be able to build a very beautiful house with a painting studio, a big garden, a couple of dogs, a few nice cars, and maybe even a swimming pool and a hot tub. Other dreams I have include a house in lake Atitlan, as well as an apartment in Miami, a room share in Steamboat Colorado, and a beautiful house in Puerto San Josà ©, Guatemala. I’m not very certain I will be living in my native country ten years ahead of now, but I am certain that I will visit it often to see my family and friends as frequently as my job allows me to. Ten years from now, I see myself as a strong, independent, healthy, and most important of all, happy woman, and I am aware that the only person that can get me there is myself by putting all the passion, effort and determination I have in everything I do. In the movie Shrek II, I once heard a very life-changing quote that the character Arthur said after defeating his enemy. â€Å"The only person that can keep you from becoming who you want to be is yourself.† The biggest obstacle I have to fight against is, as the quote mentions, me, and I know that I will be strong enough to defeat my fears and weaknesses. As many achievements I accomplish, houses I buy, trips I make, and people I meet, I truly believe that life is measured by the moments that take your breath away, therefore, my purpose in the journey god gave me the chance to live through, will not only be materialistic. The reason for my existence will be happiness, and I believe that with an open heart and a strong mind, nothing will be keeping it from becoming part of me.

The Purpose of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Essay

The Purpose of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) - Essay Example The object of analysis for the purpose of this assignment is alternative dispute resolution (ADR) as any means of settling disputes apart from by means of a lawsuit. Alternatively, ADR is the finding a workable solution to a conflict outside the courtrooms. In many public courts, a request may be submitted to review the validity of ADR methods, but time and again, the court would hardly overturn the ADR decisions and awards if the disputing parties opted for the formation of a valid contract by which to abide. There are two major forms of ADR, namely arbitration, and mediation. Typically, Tansley observed that ADR comprises of early neutral evaluation, negotiation, conciliation, mediation, and arbitration. Owing to the burgeoning court queues, and the increased fees for litigation as well as time delays that have plagued litigants for many years, more national states have opted for ADR programs to solve disputes. Albeit scholars have noted that there are two main forms of ADR, negoti ation has been a most outstanding mode of dispute resolution approach that has gained great popularity. Negation as a means of dispute resolution allows the parties involved to meet within their own conveniences so as to settle the dispute between them. As such this approach provides an excellent platform where both the involved parties are in control of the whole process and the ultimate solution. Notably, Mediation is another sort of an informal alternative to litigation. Nicol observed that most often the mediators are also well-trained negotiators and can bring two opposing parties together. As negotiators, mediators attempt to work out a strategic settlement or agreement approach that is/ are somehow acceptable to both parties. In mediation, the one who always takes the lead in the process, the mediator in most cases do not decide on behalf of the parties neither does he/she decides the dispute. However, the mediator’s sole role in the process is always to aid the partie s involved in the dispute communicate as they try to settle the dispute themselves. In other words, the mediation process leaves the control of the outcome with the parties involved in the dispute.

Advanced financial planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Advanced financial planning - Essay Example Everyone has heard this word and knows about it. It simply means that money fetches money. The rate at which it fetches is known as interest. The rate is measured in percentage. Surely, higher the rate, larger the benefit flows to you. Understanding Effective and Nominal Interest Rates.Let us understand the difference between actual and nominal interest rate. Supposing your credit card company charges you interest of 2.5% per month. That means that nominal interest per year is 30 percent; however, effective interest rate is something else and can be calculated as,Effective interest rate= (1+ i/n)n -1 (Effective and Nominal†¦)Where, i is nominal interest per year and n is number of periods of compounding. In our case, i=30% or 0.30 and n=12 Effective interest rate= (1+0.3/12)12 -1= (1.025)12 -1 =1.378-1=37.8% It means that though the company informs you about charging 30 percent nominal interest; in real terms, they are charging you at the rate of 37.8 percent.Compounding: This i s also known by most but understood and grasped by few. Compounding of the money is the most fascinating phenomena that bring enormous benefit to you. Do you know that the compounding has a very important dimension in terms of time? Effect of the money fetching money increases manifold when it works for a longer time.The biggest hurdle that haunts most of the people in the life when they start investment is its smallness. Every big thing initially starts small. The time, energy, and efforts put at the beginning do not seem to justify small returns that any business or investment may offer. People get first thought in the mind "For such a small return should I devote my time and spare the money, which otherwise can better be utilized to get more enjoyment in life." Quick answer surfaces, "Sacrifices are manifold compared to the benefits." The thought of this kind wins over the future benefits that may accrue after a few years. Thus, the person tends to postpone a small but a significant beginning, which is capable of transforming his or her fortune. This issue has to be understood thoroughly before it really happens with you stopping your small beginning for big gains in the future. The point to be noted here is that every tycoon or for that matter every big investor always starts small-- as small as you can ever think of but with the passage of time and their perseverance they become big. I am reminded of an ancient story, which I cannot r esist sharing with you. Once there lived a painter who fell upon such tough times that he was unable to earn

Alternative Health Paradigms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alternative Health Paradigms - Essay Example As Jamison (1994) has stated, â€Å"For some critics, the ‘Westernness’ of modern science lies in what is purported to be its characteristic world-view, its fundamental attitudes to Nature, reality, and knowledge; for others it is the social system and/or institutional framework within which knowledge production is embedded that is seen as being most Westernized; while for still others the problems lie in the technological applications and more general economic development strategies that are in some way seen to be derived from, or intertwined with, science.† Due to several implications in the health care sector, the Western scientific model of medicine is trusted a lot in the United States. The treatment of various minor and major ailments in the shortest span of time is one of the prime reasons for adoption of western medicine by most people. Additionally, the Western way of science has evolved improved health care technologies that are far too effective and pra ctical in diagnosis as well as treatment. However, the western scientific paradigm has eventually transformed itself into a business enterprise. The medicine in the western model also possesses a number of side effects compared to traditional and other forms of treatment.

Organizational behavior Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Organizational behavior - Article Example olars contemplate that the problems posed by the use of computers and current trends of information technology present new and complicated forms of ethical problems that require new and more comprehensive forms of combating. The current forms of information technology, though accredited with sophistication of security and access to useful information that has been able to combat and prevent harmful activities such as terrorism, is also blamed for one greatest failure: loss of privacy on the part of those exposed to the security. Most buildings today are fitted with CCTV on every department including the washroom, depriving the users of privacy to such facilities. This brings us to the tussle and dilemma of the issue of technology and ethics. There is debate among scholars of worker behavior and ethical regulations as to whether the classical theories present an encompassing ethical theory that is able to cater for emerging needs as presented by emerging technology. While some feel that the theories were designed at a time when forms of information technology were not as complex as they are, therefore, they are not capable of addressing current ethical needs, some feel that the theories are evolutionary and can be adapted to cater for these needs without having to alter them (Ridley 223). Utilitarianism, for instance, a form of consequentialism poses that the best course of action is one that ensures that overall happiness for everyone is maximized. It is a theory that focuses on the end more than the means. Ethics and morality can be compromised in the course of action if the result is worthy. most of today’s technology seems to have found solace in this theory as it exposes users to all forms of measures including nudity checks at some airports and increased scrutiny for persons of particular race, a form of discrimination that is not ethical at all (Penslar 134). Deontological theory states that persons should stick to their obligations and duties to others

Millennium Development Goals Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Millennium Development Goals - Assignment Example Rwanda is evidence that girl child is possible in every part of the globe, and the use of technology even in the remotest of villages help make education more interactive and practical (Prior & Rubinstein, 2014). Though the MDGs focus on equality of both gender in all sphere of life, education ensures the best platform while it is free and accessible (Prior & Rubinstein, 2014). The battle against poverty is continuing but have fallen short of the MDGs target to get rid of extreme hunger by 2015. There are countries that the report increased cases of malnutrition and death as a result of lack for food and other necessities. Moreover, cases of mothers and child death have been increasing, and women continue to suffer due to gender violence (NBCNEWS, 2013). According to the U.N secretary general the challenges of poverty can be addressed, but only if people agree to the plan of action on how to meet the phenomena poverty, disease and ignorance (NBCNEWS, 2013). NBCNEWS reports that what is important for now is agreeing on an action agenda because the resources and manpower are available (NBCNEWS, 2013). NBCNEWS. (2013). Battle against extreme hunger is falling short. Retrieved from nbcnews.com:

A Vision for Tel Aviv Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Vision for Tel Aviv - Case Study Example Here may be seen a working model for the future. Hypocrisy has no place here- there are no 'third-class Israelis' here.( Derfner , 'Third-class Israelis') During that visit a student was asked how all of them got along so well in the school. His answer- "We are all human beings and we treat each other equally" prompted the Rabbi to write, "We should listen and learn from this radiant gem of youthful wisdom. We are all God's children, created in the Divine image. Our sacred task is to see the Divine in one another, and to brighten and restore God's image here on earth." (Diamond, Religious Leaders of Greater Los Angeles Mission to Rome & Jerusalem) Diamond, Rabbi Mark S. Executive Vice President, Board of Rabbis of Southern California, Religious Leaders of Greater Los Angeles Mission to Rome & Jerusalem, January 29, 2008. http://www.boardofrabbis.org/Rome-&-Jerusalem-2008 . Retrieved on 15 April, 2009.

Management Information Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Management Information - Assignment Example An understanding and acceptance as to what are their roles and responsibilities 5. Implementation A priority list of projects to be undertakenProject management plans against which to check progressProgrammes of change management to promulgate the strategy and gain acceptance and understanding of it. 6. Monitoring and review monitoring the effectiveness of the strategy,monitoring the scope within which the strategy needs to operate,Review and update the strategy as necessary. Benefits of an Information Strategy to Brumshire Bank: Strategically a well-defined information strategy would ensure a smooth flow of information throughout the Brumshire organisational structure. Information will be easier to access by all the employees. As the processes will be outsourced also a comprehensive information strategy would ensure timely availability of information as and when required. Second major benefit that the Brumshire bank would have is that the duplication of information will be reduced to minimal. As some of the operations will be set up in India as a result of outsourcing, which include operations such as BB support centre, the Phone Bank centre, the Regional Administration offices and the Enquiry Centre, there will be no need to maintain separate data centres at both the countries. A centralized data centre would minimalize redundancy as well as the overhead of maintaining and updating data at both the centres. Thirdly the competitive intelligence will improve a lot. The information strategy would ensure timely information readily available which will serve as a key to take key decision about the changing competitor's behaviour as well as to improve Brumshire internal... Strategically a well-defined information strategy would ensure a smooth flow of information throughout the Brumshire organisational structure. Information will be easier to access by all the employees. As the processes will be outsourced also a comprehensive information strategy would ensure timely availability of information as and when required. Second major benefit that the Brumshire bank would have is that the duplication of information will be reduced to minimal. As some of the operations will be set up in India as a result of outsourcing, which include operations such as BB support centre, the Phone Bank centre, the Regional Administration offices and the Enquiry Centre, there will be no need to maintain separate data centres at both the countries. A centralized data centre would minimalize redundancy as well as the overhead of maintaining and updating data at both the centres. Thirdly the competitive intelligence will improve a lot. The information strategy would ensure timely information readily available which will serve as a key to take key decision about the changing competitor's behaviour as well as to improve Brumshire internal procedures. By outsourcing Brumshire Bank ensure that the company that is outsourced will always be sure to reach their targets, deliver on time, ensure stringent security and maintain a level of productivity which will help the Brumshire Bank to stick to their core objective rather t

The Bill of Rights Essay Example for Free

The Bill of Rights Essay The Bill of Rights practically became part of American constitution with the endorsement of the first ten amendments to the Constitution. When constitution was formally framed it contained Bill of rights in the form of charter of rights and liberties. But it was felt there were many things left to allow government to operate with full force. The name Bill of Rights was at once applied to these ten amendments, but in a truly national sense it was a misnomer. The restraints contained in them were imposed solely upon the federal government: the states were untouched by these prohibitory mandates. That seemed of little moment at the time, since most of the states had their own bills of rights and citizens of those states had varying degrees of double protection. Bill of Rights A new national responsibility had to be assumed, and one aspect of it was the expansion of the existing Bill of Rights to make its provisions effective against violation by the states as well as by the national government. Half a century later another amendment, the Nineteenth, wiped out a remaining inequality by extending the right of suffrage to women, and in 1964 the Twenty-Fourth Amendment struck down the poll tax as a device to restrict the right to vote. Thus, by subsequent growth as well as by antecedent beginnings, the identification of the first ten amendments as the American Bill of Rights became grossly inadequate. The American Bill of Rights as it exists today has to be brought together from all its sources, a compendium derived from the original Constitution, the first ten amendments and the subsequent amendments. Design and harmony emerge. In the entire worlds history there is nothing to compare with the pledges of human rights and freedom that have been worked into our charter of government at the great moments of national history. The swift ratification of the anti-poll-tax amendment, and the awakening of Congress revealed by passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, provided the first evidence of a relinking of freedom with justice in American public opinion. But the continuing assaults on the Supreme Court, for decisions deserving the highest praise, produced no general uprising in defense of the liberties implanted in the Constitution in the period of its adoption. Apathy due to ignorance, interacting with ignorance due to apathy, continued to be the outstanding feature of the popular reaction. On July 4, 1951, the Madison, Wisconsin, Capital-Times sent out two reporters to ask people encountered at random to sign a petition saying that they believed in the Declaration of Independence. Fear has to be combined with ignorance to produce such a state of mind, which allows active play to an equal ignorance inflamed by passion. Far fewer than half of the American people have the remotest idea of what their personal and political rights embrace. Still less do they know their neighbors rights. People will answer yes, when asked if they believe in a certain form of liberty guaranteed by the Constitution. What, then, is the Bill of Rights? Other reference works, histories and libertarian books consulted by him disclosed no adequate compilation of constitutional rights, liberties, privileges and immunities. Hamiltons argument was not wholly flawless, when he disparaged the impotent shoulds and ought tos of existing state declarations of rights. But there was a basic rightness in his assertion that such ethical aphorisms did less to secure recognition of popular rights than the Preamble to the Federal Constitution, whose wording he capitalized and italicized: Constitutional guarantees of liberty have been enormously enlarged. But the fundamental protection remains what it was in the beginningthe action of the People in ordaining and establishing the Constitution. In other words, the first and foremost element in the American Bill of Rights is the fact that we have a written Constitution, enforceable as it stands, and unchangeable by ordinary acts of legislation. Conclusion For the real significance of that fact, compare the American Bill of Rights with Englands great document, Magna Carta, of which its leading analyst, McKechnie, wrote: The great weakness of the Charter lay in this, that no adequate sanction was attached to it, in order to ensure the enforcement of its provisions. There could be no adequate sanction, because the Charter was not a constitution enforceable against king and parliament. Edward I repeated the restoring operation in 1297. Again and again, as century followed century, the Commons and Lords affirmed and English kings acknowledged that Magna Carta was the law of the land. Thirty-two times, wrote Sir Edward Coke in his Second Institute, the Charter had been enacted into law. Also, it is only fair to point out that between 1950 and 1960, certain written guarantees of the American Bill of Rights went in and out of the United States Constitution with an ease and frequency that made some Englishmen and Americans gasp, due chiefly to changes in the personnel of the Supreme Court. In England, all acts of Parliament are the validly enforceable law of the country, binding on the courts. A British law may play havoc with the British Constitution, and it is still a valid law. The great need of the present day is to cast off fear of freedom, and recapture the courage and vision of those who first erected the standard of American liberty. pity checks in government employment, extending far beyond the legitimate needs connected with national defense. Stalin robbed the Soviet treasury if he paid Chambers twenty rubles for them. WORKS CITED Kramer, Daniel C. The Price of Rights: The Courts, Government Largesse, and Fundamental Liberties. New York: Peter Lang, 2004. Martin, Rex. A System of Rights. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997. Van Kley, Dale, ed. The French Idea of Freedom: The Old Regime and the Declaration of Rights of 1789. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1994. Wood, James E. , ed. The First Freedom: Religion the Bill of Rights. Waco, TX: J. M.

Factors Contributing To Global Warming Environmental Sciences Essay

Factors Contributing To Global Warming Environmental Sciences Essay In the 21st century, negative environmental and economical effects have been experienced: due to global warming. Global warming is defined as warming of Earths surface and lower atmosphere; which tends to intensify with an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide. Basically global warming is exactly what it sounds like; the warming of earths temperature. Global warming is increasing very rapidly, everyone has to take action against it; by considering how it occurs, how it impacts the normal personal life of people, and how it can be prevented. However, it is very important for everyone to know how they contribute to the causes of global warming. In the present day life global warming is caused in many ways, but the most important is air pollution. Firstly, carbon dioxide and other harmful gases: from power plants, are released into air which causes the toxicity of the air to increase. Nuclear power plants; which are old and unchecked can increase the carbon dioxide by 35% in year 2030. At the same time most of the power plants in North America emits carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and mercury pollution (Cleaner power plants, 2007). Half of the gases that are emitted from these power plants are dangerous to everyone. Second cause for increasing in global warming is carbon dioxide from vehicles. Burning the petroleum products to run automotive transport vehicles cause pollutants like SO2, CO, CO2 which are being released into air. In the year 2003 North America had over 236 million vehicles which is responsible for nearly half of all greenhouse gases emitted by automobiles globally (Bureau of Transportation Statics, 2009). Furthermore, air pollution is also caused by smoking cigarettes. When someone smokes the nicotine chemical flows into the air which cause air pollution. According to Vince (2004) of New Scientist air pollution emitted by cigarettes is 10 times greater than diesel car exhaust. Most people are responsible for the air pollution, which contributes to global warming. Another cause of increasing in global warming is use of fossil fuels. The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into atmosphere. Vehicles are the highest forms of fossil fuels use. For every one million gallons of gasoline consumed by vehicles releases approximately 10,000 tons of carbon dioxide into atmosphere (Gable, n,d.(1)). Also the use of fossil fuels in power plants releases lots of toxic gases. In fact that human destroy the environment to obtain these fossil fuels and burn them releasing masses of carbon dioxide into atmosphere. It is also said that power generation plants accounts for about one quarter of total emissions of carbon dioxide (Carbon dioxide Emissions, 2007 (2)). Finally households hold a huge stock in contributing to the effects of global warming. House hold appliance that burn fossil fuels like natural gas, coal, as fuel produces carbon dioxide leads to global warming. In 2003, the average household produced 12.4 tons of carbon dioxide from its hous ehold operations.(Hinkle Charitable, n.d.(10)), and even the construction and operation of residential units is the cause of 40% of all CO2 (Greenhouse gases, 2008). As one can see, everyone is responsible for increasing is global warming, everyone has to become more aware of the detrimental effects their lifestyle has on the rapidly increasing rate of global warming. Due to global warming, world is experiencing extreme changes in climate. There is no doubt that the earth climate is constantly changing. Some people feel that it is part of the normal cycle of events on this planet. Yet, most scientists agree that there are drastic changes occurring that are due to unnatural global warming. It is said that the average surface temperature may rise between 2o to 6o Celsius, by the end of 21st century (Riebeek, 2010(3)). Consequently, because of the changing weather pattern, there has been an increase in droughts throughout the world. Years are becoming drier in recent decades due to global warming.   This is caused by the heat that is building up around the earths surface. For instance: There will be an increase in drought in the next 100 years, that will threaten millions of lives and take over half of the land surface on the planet.(Douglas, 2006 (4)). A big enough rise of global temperatures would eventually melt the worlds glaciers, and indeed a retreat of mountain glaciers since the 19th century was apparent in some regions. That would release enough water to raise the sea level a bit. Also there has been an increase in floods because of raise in sea level. It is said that nearly 81 people died and 1.03 $ billion has been damaged in the flood in the year 1954 (Public Safety Canada, 2007(5)). Therefore, the effects of global warming cannot be denied; the increasing temperatures, extreme weather patterns and climate change are all visibly connected to global warming. Besides temperature, global warming has been linked to an increase in water problems. Water is habitant for several species. First, the depletion in ozone layer causes ultraviolet rays to fall directly on land and water without filter by ozone layer. When ultraviolet rays fall on water, those rays kill many organism such as plankton. For example, the penetration of increased amount of uv radiation has caused great health problems of marine plankton, which are density populate the top 2 meters of ocean water (Sparling, 2001). Secondly, the most important problem to the environment is due to acid rains. Acid rains affect the life on land as well as in water. It is worse in water than on land because organism that live in water need water to survive. When the water gets polluted due to acid rains then these organism cant survive in those conditions. For example hundreds of lakes in the adirondacls have acidity levels indicative of chemical conditions unsuitable for the survival of sensi tive fish species (Surface water, 1999)(13). Third important effect of global warming on water is increase in ocean acidification due to carbon dioxide that is being released into ocean. As the greater amount of carbon dioxide is being released into ocean makes it more acidic then its normal level. As ocean acidity increases, phytoplankton is reduced. This results in less ocean plants able to uptake greenhouse gases. For example increased ocean acidity threatens marine life such as plankton, carols and shell fish, which may become extinct later this century form chemical effects of carbon dioxide (Lindell, 2008 (14)). Since we have helped the environment to increase global warming there is only few ways to slow global warming. Firstly, global warming can be reduced by using public transport rather than personal vehicles. When people begin to make use of public transport instead of making use of their private vehicles, there will be a great reduction in the amount of energy supply that is being used.   For instance, public transport in US saves approximately 1.4 billion gallons of gasoline and about 1.5 million tons of co2 annually (West, n.d.(6)). Secondly, global warming can also be reduced by using new cars instead of old cars, If someone buy a new car that gets 10 more miles per gallon then their old car, the amount of co2 reduced realized in one year will be about 2500 pounds. The new hybrid cars using efficient gas electric engines, can cut global warming pollution by 30% or more (Seaman 2009)(7). Further more global warming can be prevented by reducing the amount of electrical power being consumed by everyone. This is a very critical problem because everyone has a dependency on electricity. Thats why this problem cant be solved but somehow it can be reduced by switching to energy saving light such as florescent light bulbs with compact fluorescent bulbs. For each CFL bulb replacement, one can lower the energy bill and keep nearly 700 pounds of co2 out of the air over the bulbs lifetime (Seaman, 2009). Using the Natural source of energy is also the best way to reduce global warming. Firstly, by keeping wind turbines in places that are always windy to produce electricity because they dont produce any pollution or green house gases. Some people say that wind energy is one form of energy that is rapidly improving and growing, use of wind energy reduces the environmental impact of generating electricity because it requires no fuel and does not produce pollution or green house gases (Natural Resources Canada, 2009)(8). Secondly, every country can use solar photovoltaic energy. It will help to reduce the amount of green house gases, For instant photovoltaic technology has become a favoured form of renewable energy technology due to a number of social and economic factors including the need to reduce green house gas emission, deregulators and the restructuring of electric power generating companies(Natural Resources Canada, 2010)(9). Thirdly, the most used form of energy, hydro energy, is one of the best options for replacing highly polluting and very costly diesel generation that currently provides electric energy in remote communities. For example a hydroelectric power plant doesnt emit any pollutants such as carbon dioxide or sulphur dioxide given off by fossil fuel fired power plants. In this respect, hydropower is better than burning coal, oil or natural gas to produce electricity, as it does not contribute to global warming or acid rain(citation 11). These are the some of the natural resource which can help to reduce global warming. In conclusion, everyone is responsible for an increase in global warming by destruction of forest and polluting the world. In addition to this everyones dependency on fossil fuels also contributed to the increasing rate of global warming. It is also due to increasing temperatures that everyones life is being affected due to air pollution. Finally, there are the environmental effects that global warming has brought; increased temperature, climate change and raising sea levels have all contributed to the effect of global warming. Therefore, everyone must acknowledge their contribution and the overwhelming evidence that global warming is occurring. Only then everyone will move toward to save the earth.

Statutory Rape Essay -- essays research papers

Statutory Rape Laws The term â€Å"statutory rape† is used when the government considers people under a certain age to be unable to give consent to sex and therefore consider sexual contact with them to be a rape. The age at which individuals are considered to give consent is called the age of consent. The age of consent can ranging from thirteen to twenty-one, depending on the limits set by each state in accordance with local standards of morality. Even sex that violates the age-of-consent laws but is neither violent nor physically forced is described as statutory rape. In most jurisdictions, the expressions â€Å"under-age sex† or â€Å"sex with a minor† are more commonly used. After many years of prosecuting statutory rape laws, some people are being to question whether or not these laws when concerning non-violent â€Å"sex with a minor† are actually appropriate and effective in protecting the rights of minors. The people who support statutory rape laws would argue that in any relationship where one legal aged partner is significantly older than the other, the older of the two has a greater power advantage over the younger. Thus even if a person under the age of consent agrees to sexual activity, it is still considered lawfully to be rape, because that person is not mature enough to make a well thought-out decision. Adults fear that the younger person in the relationship may be unconsciously forced emotionally, if not physically, into engaging in sexual acts with their partner. According to the Taking Sides (Issue 17), â€Å"Statutory rape laws are designed, in part, to keep these types of unequal relationships from becoming human nature.† Others who disagree with statutory rape laws claim that the problem arises when young legal aged men, are sentenced to jail for statutory rape based solely on the age difference between him and his partner. These convicted young men state that once the parents of their younger partner find out about the two having sex, the parents just wanted to punish the men. The argument for the opponents of statutory rape laws declared that some teenagers mature faster than others. Consequently, people no matter the age should able to make their own decisions regarding sex, so long as sex remains consensual by both parties. But then again, how can one prove that the younger teenager is more mature than that of their average age? Personally, I support the... ...young girls from sexually abused relationships. According to one study stated in Taking Sides (Issue 17), â€Å"seventy-four percent of women who had intercourse before age fourteen and sixty percent of women who had sex before fifteen report having had a forced sexual experience.â€Å" Another hope is that with statutory rape laws, society will decrease the teen pregnancy rate and the number of young families who are fatherless. Statutory rape laws are valuable in protecting the rights of minors. Possibly, if the laws were revamped to suit the changing attitudes’ of modern society, the law would be more effective. In place of worrying about the misinterpreted claims of statutory rape, prosecutors can focus on the more crucial cases. With more defined modern guidelines, society would be aware of the laws regarding statutory rape and some more pleased. Statutory rape laws are no longer used to prohibit teenagers from having sex. Instead, the regulations are to make certain that the teenagers who are having sexual intercourse are not unknowingly being emotionally forced into it by their significantly older partner’s power. Ideally, statutory rape laws can only improved the lives of teenagers.

The Passionate Shepherd Poems :: Poems Poetry Shepherds Essays

The Passionate Shepherd Poems The poems â€Å"The Passionate Shepherd to His Love† (Marlowe), â€Å"The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd† (Raleigh), and â€Å"Song† (Lewis ) all focus on the same basic plot and characters but vary considerably in point of view and theme. This difference comes primarily through the difference in the poems’ speakers. A poor shepherd is the voice of both â€Å"The Passionate Shepherd to His Love,† and â€Å"Song.† However, the shepherds of the two poems feature almost opposite attitudes. The shepherd in â€Å"The Passionate Shepherd to His Love,† the original poem of the series, is a romantic idealist who paints beautiful pictures for the girl he loves of â€Å"beds of roses† and riches. In contrast, the shepherd in â€Å"Song† seems almost pessimistic. He too paints a picture for the girl he loves, but his is of hardship, toil, and bitterness, not beauty and love. This difference in attitude completely changes the light in which each of the poems is viewed. Because of the light-hearted, romantic tones of â€Å"The Passionate Shepherd to His Love,† the reader experiences a similar dreamy, faraway mood. The reader of â€Å"Song†, however, feels only sadness and perhaps longing for a world of greater possibilities than the grim one the speaker describes in the poem. The speaker of â€Å"The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd† shines yet another light on the general plot of the poems. In this poem, we see a possible reply of the woman to the original â€Å"Passionate Shepherd† in the Christopher Marlowe poem. Unimpressed by the shepherds extravagant promises, she practically answers that such material things will fade and the only things valuable are the passionate and pure feelings of love in youth. If her shepherd could make these last, she might be moved to be his love. This poem evokes in the reader both feelings of romance (the nymph does seem as though she may care about the eloquent shepherd and want to be his love) and those of sadness (the nymph seems to want something more than what the shepherd may be able to offer her).

Frankenstein by Mary Shelley Essay -- Frankenstein Literature Dopplega

Frankenstein by Mary Shelley Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is widely hailed as literature’s greatest gothic novel, as well as its first science fiction work. Written by a young woman in answer to a challenge from a circle of male authors (which included her husband, Percy Bysshe Shelley), the tale is drawn from her personal experiences as well as from the writings of other authors. The monster in the story is a multifaceted symbol for humanity’s fears, representing unchecked technology and the un-mothered child, among other things. As a representative of these fears, the monster itself may be described as a doppleganger. The word doppleganger is taken from the German dopplegà ¤nger, meaning â€Å"double goer.† It appears as a reflection of a person, an apparition resembling a living being. When it appears, it is often taken as a portent of death, as it was by Elizabeth I when she saw a pale vision of herself lying still upon her deathbed soon before she died (Encyclopedia Mythica, 1). On a larger scale, Frankenstein’s monster could be described as a doppleganger of humanity, personifying our fear of ourselves and of our capabilities. One classic example of a doppleganger is the reflected image seen in a window at night, sometimes mistaken for a prowler. Frankenstein’s monster acts the part of this apparition when he appears to Frankenstein in his new bride’s window on her wedding night after killing her. The doppleganger that is the monster takes on many forms in terms of what it represents. One of these is the fear of science and its role in relation to God. As scientific advancements were made in the field of medicine, questions arose as to whether or not man should try to perform acts that only God was previously capable of performing. This moral issue is initially ignored by Frankenstein, overshadowed by his zeal for accomplishing his impossible feat of reanimation. After he animates the creature and shuns it for its horrible appearance, it acts on its impulses for revenge. As the story progresses, Frankenstein realizes that he should have thought more carefully before acting, and the repercussions of his dark deed eventually lead him on a self-destructive quest to ultimately attempt to annihilate his own creation. By trying to ascend past his place in God’s universe, Frankenstein, in the end, destroys himself and all that he ever loved.... ...etheus, Adam) and destructor (Satan) of life. (Desert Aine 2, 1-2) Frankenstein and his abominable creation are two characters inexorably linked with eachother, as father and son, as inventor and invention, and even as reflections of eachother. Their conflict deals with themes of the morality of science and the fears of child birth, and their characters are drawn from a wealth of experience and reading. Shelley’s doppleganger of mankind is like a twisted vision of reality; based in some sense on reality but wildly taken out of proportion, the monster is so inhuman that it cannot reconcile itself with its master or the world of humanity. Its tragic story serves as a warning of what mankind could become as well as a reflection of Shelley’s own personal demons, and her creation has changed the face of literature. Bibliography: Desert Aine 1. 3/13/1999. 3/14/1999. http://www.desert-fairy.com/birth.shtml Desert Aine 2. 3/13/1999. 3/14/1999. http://www.desert-fairy.com/franken.shtml Encyclopedia Mythica. 3/14/1999. http://pantheon.org/mythica/articles/d/doppleganger.html Mellor, Anne K. Mary Shelley, her Life, her Fiction, her Monsters. New York: Routledge. 1988.

Discuss the essential elements of a valid contract? Essay

Ans: Section 2(h) of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 defines a contract as an agreement enforceable by law. Section 2(e) defines agreement as â€Å"everypromise and every set of promises forming consideration for each other.† Section2(b) defines promise in the word: â€Å"When the person to whom the proposal ismade signifies his assent thereto, the proposal is said to be accepted. A proposalwhen accepted becomes a promise.† From the above definition of promise, it is obvious that an agreement is anaccepted proposal. The two elements of an agreement are: 1: – Offer of a proposal. 2: – An acceptance of that offer or proposal. What agreement are contracts? All agreements are not studied under the Indian Contract Act, assome of them are not contracts. The Contract Act is the law of thoseagreements, which create obligations, and in case of a breech of a promise byone party to the agreement, the other has a legal remedy. Thus, a contract consists of two elements, 1.An agreement 2.Legal Obligations i.e. It should be enforceable at lawHowever, there are some agreements, which are not enforceable in a law court.Such agreements donot rise to contractual obligations and are not contracts. Essential Elements of Valid Contracts All agreements are contracts if they are made by free consent of parties,Competent to contract, for a lawful consideration and with a lawful object and are not here by expresslydeclared to be void.Thus the essential elements of a valid contract can be summed up as follows: 1.Agreement 2.Intensions to create legal relationships 3.Free and genuine consents 4.Parties competent to contract 5.Lawful considerations 6.Lawful Objects 7.Agreements not declared void or illegal 8.Certainty of meaning 9.Possibility of performance 10.Necessary illegal formalities Agreement: As already mentioned, to constitute a contract there must be an agreement. An agreement is composed of two elements, Offer and Acceptance.The party making the offer is known as a offeror, the party to whom the offer ismade is know as the offree. Thus, there are essentially to be two parties to anagreement. They both must be thinking of the same thing in the same sense. Inother words, there must be consensus-ad-idem. Intensions to Create Legal Relationships: As already mentioned there should be an intension on the part of the parties to the agreement to create a legalrelationship. An agreement is purely social or domestic nature is not a contract. Free and Genuine Consent: The consent of the parties to the agreement mustbe free and genuine. The consent of the parties should not be obtained bymisrepresentation, fraud, undue influence, coercion or mistake. If the consent isobtained by any of these flaws, then the contract is not valid. Parties Competent to Contract:These parties to a contract should be competent to enter to a contract. According to section 11 ,every person iscompetent to contract if he, (1) Is of the age of majority, (2) Is sound mind, and (3) Is not disqualified from contracting by any law to which he is subject. Thus,there may be a flaw in capacity of parties to the contract. The flaw in capacitymay be due to minority, lunacy, idiocy, drunkenness or status. If a party to acontract suffers from any of these flaws, the contract is an unenforceable except in certain exceptional circumstances. Lawful Considerations: The agreement must be supported by consideration onboth sides. Each party to the agreement must give or promise something and receive something or promise in return. Consideration is the price for which thepromise of the order is sought. However, this price need not be in terms of money. In case promise is not supported by consideration, the promise will beNudum Pactum (a bare promise) and is not enforceable at law. Moreover theconsideration must be real and lawful. Lawful Objects: The object of the agreement must be lawful and not one which the law dis-approves. Agreements not Declared Illegal or Void: There are certain agreements, which have been expressly declared illegal or void by the law. In such cases,even if the agreement possesses all the element of a valid agreement, theagreement will not be enforceable at law. Certainty of Meaning: The meaning of agreement must be certain or capable of being certain otherwise the agreement will not be enforceable at law.

Behaviour of Studied Plant Species in Terms of Heating Mitigation and Evapotranspiration

5 Discussion5.1 Weather ConditionssUpwind conditions during the season and the six measuring runs played a cardinal function for the procedure of this survey. As mentioned antecedently in respects to the survey of thermic imagination and specific conditions conditions were a requirement. The optimum conditions conditions for transporting out these measurings included clear sky, no air current and high values of PAR. These conditions slightly restricted the measurings as they were hard to be obtained for many yearss during the months from May until July. The measurement period was characterized by many yearss of cloud screen, rainfall and low temperatures and merely a few yearss of clear sky and high temperatures every bit good as high PAR values. The most restrictive factor was the cloud screen, as there were yearss with high temperature and besides there was cloud screen. However, there were yearss with clear sky and no air current but the PAR values were excessively low ( below 120 0 ?mol s-1m-2) , so that measurings could non be performed. Besides, it is of import to observe that the conditions conditions differed for each of the measuring dates as it was impossible to hold the exact same conditions every clip. Maes and Steppe ( 2012 ) had highlighted the limitation of conditions conditions in thermic imagination and the confining factor of cloud screen. However the consequences of the six successful measuring day of the months led to observations and decisions about the thermic behavior of the five studied works species.5.2 Behaviour of Studied Plant Species in Footings of Heating Mitigation and EvapotranspirationThe current survey have shown that all of the tried workss species had an effectual chilling potency by comparing to the bare dirt. Planted trays had ever lower surface temperatures than the control trays. This was besides supported by the statistical analysis which indicated important differences between mesocosms and control trays. Several surveies stated that one of the benefits of green roof workss is to maintain the temperature low ( Nagase and Dunnett, 2010 ; Teemusk and Mander, 2009 ) . Specifically, the four of the five species,Koeleria glauca, Lotus corniculatus,Dianthus carthusianorumandPhedimus floriferumhave been shown to hold lower temperatures than the controls trays for the full period of when the measurings were conducted. However, in the last two day of the months sing the measurings, theThymus serpyllumhad showed higher temperatures than the controls trays because the mini bush had died antecedently. While all workss of the monocultures had died many single species were able to last in combination with other species. However,Thymus serpyllumis considered a common green roof species ( Teemusk and Mander, 2009 ) . Besides, Jones ( 2002 ) had indicated thatThymusspecies frequently did non last. The ground for the bad public presentation ofThymusis still non clear. Although heat and drouth emphasis are known to hold a negative impact on the species, it is besides believed that works infections could be another cause for its bad public presentation. Sing the evapotranspiration, all the mesocosm systems showed to hold higher values than the control trays. System 5 (Phedimus floriferum )showed to hold the lowest evapotranspiration of the 15 mesocosms due to the facultative CAM metamorphosis of the species. The last two yearss System 4 showed the lowest evapotranspiration values sinceThymus serpyllumin the monocultures where they had wholly died off. Several surveies have been conducted to compare between green roof works species in monocultures and combinations in order to transport out and understand in which of the two is the most good. The surveies concluded that works mixtures were more effectual and good in footings of heating extenuation, evapotranspiration and H2O gaining control than monocultures and recommended for extended green roofs ( Lundholmet al. ,2010 ; Nagase and Dunnett, 2012, 2010 ) . This survey had concluded that System 7 a combination ofPhedimus floriferum( succulent ) andLotus corniculatus( leguminous plant ) was more effectual and good along with System 10 which is a combination ofPhedimus floriferum( succulent ) ,Koeleria glauca( grass ) andDianthus carthusianorum( herb)and can be considered as the best of the 15 systems in footings of extenuating warming effects. These systems showed significantly lower temperatures during most of the measurings. Systems 6( Phedimus floriferum + Koeleria glauca )and 14 (Phedimus floriferum + Koeleria glauca +Lotus corniculatus )had so followed with satisfactory consequences. These consequences are in general conformity with other surveies which showed that grass and herb or mixtures of these species are really suited to green roofs. Although they are less drought tolerant than succulent they are more effectual in footings of evapotranspiration and H2O keeping capacity ( Van Mechelenet Al., 2014 ) . Besides, the bulk of green roofs in North America and Europe are combinations of Sedum species or combinations of Sedum and grasses ( Wolf and Lundholm, 2008 ) . Lundholmet al. ,( 2010 ) had stated that the best combination for green roof is succulents, grasses and tall forbs. Since thei experiment this works mixture optimized most of the maps which were measured. Koeleria glaucacan maintain the H2O balance stable alternatively of intensive transpiration. Besides, its foliages are sclerenchymatous and about lush at the same time ( Kalapos T.,1989 ) . Furthermore, many herbaceous species are characterized by adaptative steps and could confront drouth ( Dvorak and Volder, 2010 ) . Some adaptative steps for Sedum species and stress-tolerant grasses and herbaceous are CAM photosynthetic tracts, H2O storage variety meats, succulent foliages which characterized the Sedum species, drought-avoidance ( bulbs and ruderals ) and woody growing. These and other morphological and anatomical characteristics could cut down the heat addition and H2O loss ( Wolf and Lundholm, 2008 ) . Grasss and forbs are characterized by low root H2O electrical capacity and/or drouth turning away which allow them to last in green roof systems ( Wolf and Lundholm, 2008 ) . It is besides deserving observing the importance in respects to the monocultures ofKoeleria glaucaandLotus corniculatusholding shown really good warming extenuation and chilling effects consequences. Besides combinations which included these species proofed to be really suitable. These species are both characterized by holding high evapotranspiration values andLotus corniculatusbesides being good of making high works screen due to strong vegetive growing. In respects to the Sedum speciesPhedimus floriferum,it is confirmed that it is really good for green roofs. Although it was frequently hotter than the other species likely due to its CAM metamorphosis it had a positive consequence on the other species.Phedimus floriferumwas presented with combinations which showed the best heat emphasis extenuation and kept the temperatures at low degrees during the measurement period. Several surveies investigatedSedumspecies as they are the most normally used for extended green roofs. Most of the surveies concluded thatSedumspecies can be characterized as ideal species and the best option for green roofs because of their facultative CAM metamorphosis, stress- tolerance and ability to re-sprout ( Butler and Orians, 2011 ; Farrellet al. ,2013 ; Nagase and Dunnett, 2012 ; Van Mechelenet al. ,2014 ) . Since none of the deep-rootedPhedimuspersons died in the survey, it must besides be noted that the high continuity of the species is another positive fac et.5.3 Plant Cover and Temperature of Studied Plant SpeciesIn current survey that have been examined in respects to the dealingss between the works screen and average temperatures of the mesocosms, there was the premise that the works screen would had influenced the temperatures. It was concluded that temperatures were so slightly influenced by the works screen, the higher the works cover the lower were the temperatures. This had so led to the decision that the species which are characterized by distributing via vegetive growing such asPhedimus floriferumandLotus corniculatusare advantageous for green roofs. A high screen and leaf wonts of workss can besides be good.5.4 Restrictions of the StudyAs antecedently stated the chief problem/limitation during measurings was the clip consequence on tray temperatures. In order to cut down the job of different heating throughout the twenty-four hours, measurings were carried out at midday when the radiation and the temperatures usually reach a tableland. Besides, dry and wet â€Å" unreal foliages † were used and exposed to the same environmental conditions ( air temperature, radiation, wind velocity ) as the trays in order to avoid theoretical appraisals of baselines. It was observed that the temporal temperature gradient decreased when the measurings were carried out at midday. By this, the clip consequence was partially solved but it still existed. Furthermore, for most of the measuring day of the months at that place was a good convergence between the temperatures of unreal foliages measured by the usage of thermocouples and the IR-camera. Thus the emissivity needed non to be adapted. As mentioned antecedently, the thermic imagination was performed within two hours and this period of clip could hold resulted in big differences in ambient temperature or the consecutive warming of the trays. One solution was to cut down this clip period but due to the high figure of trays it was about impossible to execute the thermic imagination in a shorter clip length. Maes and Steppe ( 2012 ) had besides indicated this restriction in thermic imaging so they alternatively highlighted the clip devouring process of thermic imagination. Another solution to execute thermic imagination of all trays in one spell is the usage of aircraft but this method leads to a instead harsh declaration of images ( Leuzingeret al. ,2010 ) . It is besides of import to observe that the clip consequence had complicated the finding of the important differences between the systems, due to the high criterion divergences. However, the consequences of this survey clearly indicated important differences between the systems and the control trays. Besides, it can be concluded that systems equipped with species such asKoeleria glaucaandLotus corniculatusshowed satisfactory consequences and could be characterized as being appropriate works species. The restriction as stated above in respects to the clip consequence besides led to the determination to maintain the emissivity to a default value of 1 since the survey was concerned in temperature differences between the systems and non in the absolute temperatures of the objects ( works leaves, dirt substrate, pebbles and lava ) . However, as mentioned in subdivision 3.3.1 during March and April 2014 ( before the measurings started ) several efforts were made in order to define/calculate the emissivity of the studied works species but because of the complexness the efforts were kept to a lower limit. It is deserving observing that most surveies on works temperatures set emissivity to a default value and that there are merely little differences between dirt and works emissivities ( Leuzinger and Korner, 2007 ; Maes and Steppe, 2012 ) . It would besides be interesting to analyze day-to-day rhythms of leaf temperatures particularly inPhedimussince it is a facultative CAM species. Unfortunately another restriction of this survey which wasn’t conducted was that this survey didn’t examine the day-to-day behavior in footings of the temperature and transpiration of the workss. If the restriction had been conducted the behavior ofPhedimuswould hold besides been researched in order to detect its transpiration.5.5 Inventions of the StudyDespite the restrictions mentioned above that had non been conducted the current survey is the first in which a high figure of replicated green roof mesocosms were researched. Every system had eight replicates and the control trays were seven. This high figure of replicates is sufficient for stand foring temperature measurings, which had ne'er been studied on green roof works species. The measurings were carried out from May until July in 2014. This long measuring period allowed more observations about the studied works species and their thermic behavior over clip in different conditions conditions and state of affairss. The usage of IR-thermometry can be considered as another invention since this method is new and it started to be used in recent old ages. However, this could be seen as a hazard since there are no fixed protocols available for IR-thermometry on workss. As antecedently mentioned, the usage of thermic imagination and infrared cameras enables the observation of thermic conditions of the objects in item. The technique of infrared thermometry has started to be normally used because of its truth. Infrared cameras are now being used more and more by works scientists because the costs of the equipment has been diminishing. Another of import factor is the usage of image analysis to derive mean, lower limit and maximal temperatures of selected objects and it has besides brought in a new method in respects to research. The corresponding package of the camera, IRBIS ®, has been a really helpful tool in order to research the temperatures of the studied workss. As a farther affair in respects to the statistical analysis that was performed in order to place important differences between the mesocosm systems, and controls and besides between the different types described as advanced because so many statistical trials were carried out for each day of the month of measurings in order to compare the systems.6 DecisionIn the last decennaries, the effects of planetary heating have become progressively seeable. One technique used to extenuate urban heat is the building of â€Å" green roofs † , a method that is progressively used in many states. Green roof workss have the capableness to change the microclimate outside and inside of edifices. A new method to look into the temperature and accordingly the chilling potency of workss is infrared thermometry. Thermal imaging utilizing infrared cameras enables the observation of thermic conditions of the objects in item. Topographic point measurings of foliage temperatures utilizing thermocouples a re inferior to IR-thermometry but the latter attack has restrictions, excessively. The survey was carried out to look into the effectivity of five commonly used green roof works species:Koeleria glauca( a grass ) ,Lotus corniculatus( a leguminous plant ), Dianthus carthusianorum( a herb ) ,Thymus serpyllum (a low turning bush ) andPhedimus floriferum( a succulent ) . The undermentioned three hypotheses were tested: – The workss have an effectual chilling potency as compared to the bare dirt. – TheSedumspecies,Phedimus floriferum,could hold a positive consequence on the other species and could cut down heat emphasis. – Plant mixtures of different species are more effectual than monocultures. The overall aims of this survey was to i ) Compare the deep-rooted trays with control trays ( au naturel dirt ) in order to look into the chilling potency of workss. two ) Examine the effectivity ofPhedimus floriferumin footings of evapotranspiration, heat consequence extenuation and possible positive consequence on the other species. three ) Compare the works mixtures with monocultures to place important differences. The consequences in general supported the first hypothesis. It had particularly supported the speciesKoeleria glaucaandLotus corniculatusand some of the mixtures with these species holding shown to hold significantly lower surface temperatures than the controls trays and some of the deep-rooted mesocosms for the whole measuring period. The consequences in respects to the 2nd hypothesis was besides supported.ThePhedimus floriferumso had a positive consequence on the other species as the combinations with the species kept the temperatures at lower degrees during the measurement period. SincePhedimusis a extremely drought stress-tolerant and relentless species, it had a positive consequence on the ecological services of green roofs. The consequences besides lead to the credence of the 3rd hypothesis that works mixtures are more effectual than monocultures since the best systems in footings of extenuating the heat effects were works mixtures. However, the survey besides faced some restrictions such as the clip consequence on tray temperatures and the proper accommodation of emissivity values. Several efforts were made and several methods were applied in order to turn to those limitations. Harmonizing to the literature, old surveies had faced the same restrictions. In order to cut down the clip effects during measurement runs of a high figure of replicates, high scaffolds should be used from which all objects can be monitored in one spell. However, due to the big field of position the low declaration of images would hold been a job. Taking exposure of all the objects at the same clip had its advantages in that many images could be taken over clip, e.g. to analyze day-to-day temperature rhythms of works surfaces. This could be characterized as an mentality which should be investigated farther by similar experiments in the hereafter, in order to see whether it helps the survey to minimise or extinguish similar restrictions and limitations and besides to lend to this current research.

Cybercrime Law Essay

The Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 is the first law in the Philippines which specifically criminalizes computer crime, which prior to the passage of the law had no strong legal precedent in Philippine jurisprudence. While laws such as the Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 (Republic Act No. 8792 regulated certain computer-related activities, these laws did not provide a legal basis for criminalizing crimes committed on a computer in general: for example, Onel de Guzman, the computer programmer charged with purportedly writing the ILOVEYOU computer worm, was ultimately not prosecuted by Philippine authorities due to a lack of legal basis for him to be charged under existing Philippine laws at the time of his arrest. The Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012, officially recorded as Republic Act No. 10175, is a law in the Philippines approved on 12 September 2012. It aims to address legal issues concerning online interactions and the Internet in the Philippines. Among the cybercrime offenses included in the bill are cybersquatting, cybersex, child pornography, identity theft, illegal access to data and libel.The Act, divided into 31 sections split across eight chapters, criminalizes several types of offenses, including illegal access (hacking), data interference, device misuse, cybersquatting, computer-related offenses such as computer fraud, content-related offenses such as cybersex and spam, and other offenses. The law also reaffirms existing laws against child pornography, an offense under Republic Act No. 9779 (the Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009), and libel, an offense under Section 355 of the Revised Penal Code of the Philippines, also criminalizing them when committed using a computer system. Finally, the Act provides for a â€Å"catch-all† clause, wherein all offenses currently punishable under the Revised Penal Code are likewise punishable under the Act when committed using a computer, with corresponding stricter penalties than if the crimes were punishable under the Revised Penal Code alone. The Act has universal jurisdiction: its provisions apply to all Filipino nationals regardless of the place of commission. Jurisdiction also lies when a punishable act is either committed within the Philippines, whether the erring device is wholly or partly situated in the Philippines, or whether damage was done to any natural or juridical person who at the time of commission was within the Philippines. Regional Trial Courts shall have jurisdiction over cases involving violations of the Act. A takedown clause is included in the Act, empowering the Department of Justice to restrict and/or demand the removal of content found to be contrary to the provisions of the Act, without the need for a court order. This provision, originally not included in earlier iterations of the Act as it was being deliberated through Congress, was inserted during Senate deliberations on May 31, 2012.[6] Complementary to the takedown clause is a clause mandating the retention of data on computer servers for si x months after the date of transaction, which may be extended for another six months should law enforcement authorities request it. The Act also mandates the National Bureau of Investigation and the Philippine National Police to organize a cybercrime unit, staffed by special investigators whose responsibility will be to exclusively handle cases pertaining to violations of the Act, under the supervision of the Department of Justice. The unit is empowered to, among others, collect real-time traffic data from Internet service providers with due cause, require the disclosure of computer data within 72 hours after receipt of a court warrant from a service provider, and conduct searches and seizures of computer data and equipment. It also mandates the establishment of special â€Å"cybercrime courts† which will handle cases involving cybercrime offenses (offenses enumerated in Section 4(a) of the Act)

Minor Disorders in Pregnancy

Pregnancy is a time when a woman’s body will go through numerous adaptations in order to accommodate the fetus. During these physiological adaptations, the organs such as spleen and liver and systems such as the endocrine and circulatory systems will be affected. A woman can experience minor disorders that are most likely the result of hormonal changes on the smooth muscle and connective tissues. This paper endeavours to describe some of the minor disorders in pregnancy in particular, heartburn (reflux oesophagitis), constipation, haemorrhoids, dermatoses and epistaxis.The major physiological reason for heartburn (reflux oesophagitis) in pregnancy is due to the relaxation of the LES(lower esophageal sphincter) and the decreased tone and mobility of the smooth muscles, which is caused from increased progesterone. As the fetus increases in size, pressure in the abdomen compounds, decreasing the angle of the gastroesophageal junction. This allows for oesophageal regurgitation, le ss time for the stomach to empty and reverse peristalsis (Blackburn 2007; Stables & Rankin 2010).The main symptoms of heartburn are a â€Å"burning sensation† in the chest or back of the throat. Other symptoms may include eructation, difficulty in swallowing, and an acid or metal taste in the mouth. In terms of advice, there are some standard measures that can alleviate symptoms. These include examining the woman’s diet and eliminating foods that might aggravate, eating smaller portions and more frequently, sleeping in upright positions and avoidance of eating closer to bedtime (Law et al. 2010; Vazquez 2010).Constipation is known to affect more that 40% of women during their pregnancy (Derbyshire, Davies & Detmar 2007). In looking at the physiological reason for constipation, increasing levels of progesterone affects bowel motility and reduces the peristaltic movement of the gastrointestinal tract. This is turn then increases the time food is passed through the gut ca using increases in electrolyte and subsequent absorption of water in the large intestine. Motilin a hormone that assists faeces to pass through the colon is also decreased by the levels of progesterone (Derbyshire, Davies & Detmar 2007).Constipation could also be the result of hyperemesis gravidarum (pernicious vomiting in pregnancy), or ingestion of prescribed iron tablets for anaemia (Tiran 2003). A diet rich in fibre and increasing fluid intake can help to ease some of the associated problems with constipation. Laxatives should only be used when dietary changes do not assist. In addition women should be advised that ignoring signs for defecation will compound symptoms (Jewell & Young 1996; Vazquez 2010). The levels of fibre and fluid consumed should be noted by healthcare professionals when attending to women (Derbyshire, Davies & Detmar 2007).Haemorrhoids occurs in pregnancy in 25 – 35% of women and in some populations it can reach 85% (Staroselsky et al. 2008). Haemorrho ids occur due to progesterone causing vasodilation in the ano-rectal area. In some cases there is a direct relationship between constipation and the formation of haemorrhoids. Main symptoms are itching, burning, swelling around the anus and bleeding. Pain with bowel movements and bleeding are often the first signs of haemorrhoids. As there is a close relationship between constipation and haemorrhoids, the advice given to women with regards to treatment would be similar to constipation.In (Staroselsky et al. 2008) it is stated that topical treatments and the use of laxatives can reduce symptoms. The integumentary system is no different to any of the other systems affected by physiological changes in pregnancy. There are a number of skin irritations that can cause discomfort to a woman during her pregnancy, but these do not harm the fetus. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone is increased by progesterone and oestrogen levels. Chloasma or â€Å"pregnancy mask† is one of the conditions to arise from hormone increases (Stables & Rankin 2010).Hyperpigmentation is the most common skin alteration in pregnancy. About 90% of women will develop linea nigra which is found running from the xiphoid process to the pubis. A common dermatoses found in pregnancy is a condition called PUPP (pruritic urticarial papules and plaques) The development of PUPP in pregnancy is 1 in 160 (Sachdeva 2008). This usually occurs in the primagravida in the third trimester and in rare cases in the first and second. In (Brzoza et al. 2007; Roth 2009) the reasons for PUPP is unclear but suggestions are made that maternal weight gain in primiparous women is the cause.Interestingly statistics show that 2. 9% of twin pregnancies and 14% of triplet pregnancies develop PUPP. It is thought, that abdominal distension, hormonal, autoimmune and change in partners (implication of paternal antigens) could attribute to the condition. Conditions such as Pemphigoid gestationis (PG), Intrahepatic cholestasis o f pregnancy (ICP), and Atopic eruption of pregnancy ( AEP) require the monitoring from dermatologists, obstetricians, midwives and other relevant healthcare practitioners as they do pose high risks to mother and baby (Brzoza et al. 007; Sachdeva 2008). With PUPP the main symptoms women complain of is an intense itching usually around the abdomen and in some cases breasts, upper thighs and arms. In the case of PUPP’s, the application of topical steroids, emollient creams and ointments may be applied and in severe cases oral treatments may be sought (Roth 2009). Epistaxis (nosebleeds) is considered a minor disorder but in one study has proven to be life threatening. Oestrogen rises, which causes hyperactivity of the parasympathetic nervous system which in turn causes nasal congestion.One of the other reasons is systemic blood pressure increases in pregnancy. Complications from nosebleeds is rare, but if not monitored could lead to haemorrhage (Hardy, Connolly & Weir 2008). In t his study a woman presented at 26 weeks with epistaxis but 48 hours later continued to bleed and surgery was the outcome. There is also evidence that chronic rhinosinusitis can lead to epistaxis. One study 44% of women between the ages of 26-30 and presenting in the third trimester appeared to have the highest incidence of epistaxis.It must be noted that though this study was conducted in a third world country where nourishment, hygiene and education are an issue, there are potential risks of epistaxis in pregnancy. (Purushothaman 2010) Maternal morbidity in pregnancy is very well researched and evidence based, but the impacts that minor disorders have on a woman’s family or her emotional state is not well documented. However, there is one such Australian study stating the impact on women. In (Gartland et al. 2010) it showed that 68% experienced multiple disorders which had a cumulative effect and therefore greater impact.What is interesting in the study was that women aged b etween 18-24, had a poor perception of health, socio-economic and education issues. In comparison to those older women who had stable relationships, well educated and better perception of health. The study demonstrated that a woman’s support network, access to professional advice and education can greatly impact her wellbeing and those around her. This assignment has explained the physiology and reasons for minor disorders in pregnancy. It is important that midwives and relevant healthcare professionals monitor women so as to prevent further complications to mother and child.The health and wellbeing of a mother and her unborn child is always the utmost priority of healthcare professionals. . References Blackburn, S. T. 2007, Maternal, fetal & neonatal physiology : a clinical perspective, 3rd edn, Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, Mo. Brzoza, Z. , Kasperska-Zajac, A. , Oles, E. & Rogala, B. 2007, ‘Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy', Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 44-8. Derbyshire, E. J. , Davies, J. ; Detmar, P. 2007, ‘Changes in Bowel Function: Pregnancy and the Puerperium', Digestive Diseases and Sciences, vol. 2, no. 2, p. 324. Gartland, D. , Brown, S. , Donath, S. ; Perlen, S. 2010, ‘Women’s health in early pregnancy: Findings from an Australian nulliparous cohort study', Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 413-8. Hardy, J. J. , Connolly, C. M. ; Weir, C. J. 2008, ‘Epistaxis in pregnancy – not to be sniffed at! ‘, International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 94-5. Jewell, D. ; Young, G. 1996, Interventions for treating constipation in pregnancy, John Wiley ; Sons, Ltd.Law, R. , Maltepe, C. , Bozzo, P. ; Einarson, A. 2010, ‘Treatment of heartburn and acid reflux associated with nausea and vomiting during pregnancy', Can Fam Physician, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 143-4. Purushothaman, L. P. a. P. K . 2010, ‘Analysis of Epistaxis in Pregnancy', European Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 387-96. Roth, M. -M. 2009, ‘Specific Pregnancy Dermatoses', Dermatology Nursing, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 70-81. Sachdeva, S. 2008, ‘The dermatoses of pregnancy. (Review Article)', Indian Journal of Dermatology, vol. 3, no. 3, p. 103. Stables, D. ; Rankin, J. 2010, Physiology in childbearing : with anatomy and related biosciences, 3rd edn, Bailliere Tindall, Edinburgh. Staroselsky, A. , Nava-Ocampo, A. A. , Vohra, S. ; Koren, G. 2008, ‘Hemorrhoids in pregnancy', Can Fam Physician, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 189-90. Tiran, D. 2003, ‘Product focus. Self help for constipation and haemorrhoids in pregnancy', British Journal of Midwifery, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 579-81. Vazquez, J. C. 2010, ‘Constipation, haemorrhoids, and heartburn in pregnancy', Clinical Evidence.

The U.S. Financial Crisis- Impact on Trade Research Paper

The U.S. Financial Crisis- Impact on Trade - Research Paper Example As a result of the crisis starting in 2007 and building up by 2008, the Wall Street could be said to have been remade (Jones, 2009, p.2).     The Financial Crisis of 2007/2008: The international trade and the economic growth in the world had presented significant positive results before the economic crisis of 2007/2008. From the time period from 2000 till 2007 the gross domestic product of the world had reflected an increase of 3.2 percent in a year that surpassed the annual growth of the 1990s that figured around 2.5 percent. Countries like China, India, and Russia that were emerging as economic countries in the market also reflected expansions in their growth to as high as 6.5 percent in a year resultant of the different economic reforms. The farmers in the U.S. also benefitted from these growths leading to rising farm income of around 43 percent. The financial crisis affected the world starting in 2007 and deepening in 2008 leading to recession in several countries (Appendix A ) (Liefart & Shane, 2009). The crisis had initiated in the US when the housing bubble burst out and there were increasing defaults in mortgages, particularly in the subprime mortgages, that had grown for the borrowers who were not worthy of such loans, thereby leading to instability in the financial institutions and subprime losses (Appendix B) (Helleiner, 2011, p.69). The different causes that were obtained to have led to the crisis include: imprudent mortgage lending relaxing the standards of lending, housing bubble reflecting rising prices of houses, global imbalances, securitization, lack of transparency and responsibility in mortgage finance, rating agencies giving AAA ratings to several downgraded securities, mark to market accounting, deregulatory legislation, shadow banking system with financial activities moving out of government safety, non bank runs, off balance sheet financing, subprime lending mandated by government, failure of risk management systems, financial innovat ion, complexities, human infirmity, bad models of computer, excess leveraging, relaxed regulation of leverages, credit default swaps, over the counter derivatives, fragmented regulation, no systemic regulation of risks, short term incentives, and tail risk (Jickiling, 2010, pp.5-10). These issues initiated in the US and gradually affected the world and the international trade. With the crisis deepening in 2008, various measures that imposed restrictions on trade activities were initiated by different countries. General hikes in tariffs, particularly in iron and steels, primary products, agricultural foods, were incorporated in countries like Russia, India, Turkey, Vietnam, Ukraine, EU, Brazil, and Ecuador. Standards and certifications in trade also changed in several countries like Malaysia, India, Indonesia, Ecuador, Thailand and South Korea with bans and restrictions on several business issues. Licensing system of imports also altered from ‘free’ to ‘restrictedà ¢â‚¬â„¢ in many countries as a result of the recession.  Ã‚  

Should human cloning be banned Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Should human cloning be banned - Research Paper Example The future of cloning depends totally on the new researches which are being done. Cloning so far has not been successful as it was expected. A sheep dolly was cloned in the year 1996 and it was considered as one of the most successful cloning experiment on an animal. Cloning has never showed any positive results on human beings. Cloning has been approved by many scientists and groups who argue that it holds the potential for many benefits for human beings and can serve to provide results and treatments that other methods have failed to provide. On the other hand, cloning has been rejected on the basis of ethical considerations. It has faced social as well as religious criticism owing to many reasons which include the fact that cloning has not yielded any major benefits as yet and also it serves to challenge the normal working and equilibrium of the world. Cloning has received much publicity after its breakthrough of cloning an animal sheep Dolly in the year 1996 which provided hope in the technique to uphold the fact that it could yield major benefits to mankind that he himself was not aware of. Many scientists supported this technique and believed that it could actually work in areas of the medical and scientific field where other research had failed. Cloning is believed to be a method which can serve to treat many pathological conditions and enhance the quality of life of human beings. It is presented by scientists that cloning holds the potential of providing clones of organs of the body as well as blood which can assist in organ transplantation as well as blood transfusions. These procedures can serve as life saving measures for patients whose organs completely stop functioning or function in an improper way. It is also analyzed that cloning can be beneficial for infertile couples and assist them in having their own genetic child ren. It is also widely believed that certain diseases which include cancer can be

International Law Dispute Settlement (DB-2) Research Paper

International Law Dispute Settlement (DB-2) - Research Paper Example hill (2011), immunity against suit means that the party involved is not liable and it is impossible to use it, and it should not even be bothered to participate in the lawsuit. In this case, MBI cannot sue Country D for failing to pay for the military equipment supplied to them. However, there are cases where the supplier cannot be held liable for any defective military equipment, and thus, may demand full payment for the equipment supplied. Rakowsky (2005) states that Feres-Stencel doctrine can be used in cases where the suppliers of military equipment supply products with design defects, which have been approved by the government. He argues that permitting liability against contractors (in this case, the multinational corporation, MBI) in such a situation can subvert the Feres-Stencel doctrine. This is because the military suppliers can simply pass the associated expenditures or costs through to the government. Making contractors responsible for the designs accepted by the government would put the judiciary in a state in which they will be forced to make military decisions (Rakowsky, 2005). Thus, the Ninth Circuit has created its own way of determining contractor immunity. The supplier can be immune if he is capable of proving that the country in question approved the â€Å"precise specifications for the allegedly defective military equipment† (Rakowsky, 2005). Thus, if MBI is able to prove that Country D approved of the military equipment, the supplier is capable of suing Country D in Country C. It is legal and ethical for MBI to make such a move because the law provides the immunity of suppliers who deal with military equipment. A number of ethical issues arise such as why Country D refused to pay for the suppliers offered to them by MBI’s subsidiary. Other ethical issues include if the move made by MBI would hold any ground. It is important to note that performing business globally presents its unique challenges such as ethical challenges. This is common

Philosophy--Freedom, Responsibility, and Human Action (please see the Essay

Philosophy--Freedom, Responsibility, and Human Action (please see the attachment for detail) - Essay Example Eventually, the researcher will discuss whether or not the recent empirical evidences related to the major causes of human action or the variable status of certain moral intuitions undermines the role of intuition in philosophical discourse on human freedom and responsibility. Regardless of whether the researcher agrees or disagree with the claims that these recent empirical evidences weakens the role of intuition in philosophical point-of-view on human freedom and responsibility, the researcher will provide examples or possible alternatives as a way of defending the researcher’s answer to the question. Even though most of the human actions are controlled by environmental and genetic factors, intuition also has a role in controlling some of our actions. Basically, intuition serves as our inner higher guidance. Even before we perform an action, intuition tells us to whether or not to proceed with our intended action. Based on a person’s final judgment or decision, his or her moral responsibility as a human being will be greatly affected by his own actions. For example: A man who needs a large sum of money for his child’s heath care needs and surgery bill may end up thinking about robbing a bank or stealing something that costs a large sum of money from a stranger. Even before the man decides on whether to push through with his plan, the man will have to undergo a mental balancing between the benefit and consequences as well as the moral issues behind his intended action. At this point, intuition would normally hold the man from doing something that is morally unacceptable. Another example will be a student who is in danger of failing a subject at the end of the semester. In order to avoid failing the subject, the student may end up either choosing between copying his or her seatmate’s paper or simply put in extra

Literacy Criticism of Woody Allen film Manhattan Essay

Literacy Criticism of Woody Allen film Manhattan - Essay Example . and um... the 2nd movement of the Jupiter Symphony... and um... Louis Armstrong, recording of Potato Head Blues... um... Swedish movies, naturally... Sentimental Education by Flaubert... uh... Marlon Brando, Frank Sinatra... um... those incredible Apples and Pears by Cezanne... uh... the crabs at Sam Wos... uh... Tracys face.. This dialogue of Isaac (Woody Allen) revealed the philosophy and thesis of the film Manhattan. It disclosed Isaac’s mundane interpretation of life that he has to create a â€Å"fantasy† to make existence bearable. If we notice the contents of his dialogue, there is nothing metaphysical about it but is rather confined to the aesthetics of life such as Groucho Marx, Wilie Mays, 2nd movement of the Jupiter Symphony, Louis Armstrong, recording of Potato Head Blues, Swedish movies, Sentimental Education by Flaubert, Marlon Brando, Frank Sinatra, the crabs at Sam Wo and Tracy’s face (his 17 year old lover whom he broke up to have a relationship with Mary and later attempted to go back at her). It also revealed Woody Allen’s (who happened to write the film also) artistic inclination of his interpretation about life. The hesitation, content and seeming incongruity of this dialogue posits that for an individual living in a city like Manhattan have a meaning in life, one has to create a fanstasy, filled with indulgence (Crabs at Wo’s) and aesthetics. For Woody Allen, life is basically meaningless that one has to look for distractions through fantasy to fill the void. In Allen’s perspective, this distractions will keep our mind away from the ugly truth and inevitabilities of life. That after all of our pursuit, death will eventually come after an inevitable sickness, and we will all die. Such is life, that we might as well entertain ourselves in between. While I admire the artistic rendering of Woody Allen’s film Manhattan, I do not necessarily agree with his thesis that we have to distract ourselves from the

International student in united state of America Essay

International student in united state of America - Essay Example They go to the United States because of the great reputation universities in the United States have for teaching students. These students are often studying in technical fields such as computer science, engineering and biomedical studies that are not available to them in their home countries. Most international students are working to earn an undergraduate degree, but many are working on graduate and post-graduate degrees as well. One thing that the United States is famous for is the many different cultures that all coexist rather peacefully in one nation. This is attractive to students that are coming from countries where ethnic hatred or even open warfare is a reality. It is also very attractive to study in the United States if you are coming from a country where basic human rights and freedoms such as speech, religion and ownership of property are not guaranteed. Great school and a welcoming culture make studying in the United States the first choice for many international student s. But this does not mean that there are not problems for international students that choose to study in the United States. I have a very close friend from China that ran into some real problems while studying at a university in the United States. He was very clear in stating that he did not hold the Americans responsible for his bad experiences. He realized after a while that an American studying in Beijing would probably have many of the same challenges, only they would be reversed. Communication between cultures is very difficult and this fact led to many of the misunderstandings and problems he encountered. The first problem centered on the use of the English language. My friend studied English all through school and felt that he was quite proficient in his use of the language. I remember he was very excited when he scored well on his TOEFEL test. He said that he felt that this was a real indication that he was ready to use the English language every day and do well. He soon lea rned that hew was wrong for several reasons. One reason language caused him to have a difficult time was the fact that going to a shop or a supermarket became a very stressful experience. In the town where he was living, many of the people at the check-out were very impatient. If he asked them to repeat something they said, even only once, they seemed to be agitated. One very rude person actually said, â€Å"Why don’t you come back when you can speak English right?† He wanted to speak with a manager to lodge a complaint about this very rude employee, but he was afraid he would not be able to communicate clearly with the manager. He was humiliated so he just handed some money over to the person and walked out of the store. He didn’t even stay to take his change. He heard the other workers laughing as he walked away. This was his worst experience because of his English language skills and it happened on one of his first days in the United States. My friend soon fo und a shop where the workers were more patient and polite, so this situation was soon solved. What he was not prepared for was the type of academic language that he had to deal with at the university. Classes were much harder than he expected because he was not able to process the language quickly enough to pay attention to what was being taught. He found himself falling more and more behind. He didn’t want to ask the professors for help, but finally got so desperate that he went to each of his teachers on the same day to beg for help. He