Teaching Assistant

Describe How You Might Contribute To a Lesson Given To a Group Of Seven Year Old Children Learning To Play Percussion Instruments? As a Teaching Assistant supervising a group of seven year olds who are to learn to play musical instruments, I would first make sure these instruments are available, clean, safe and ready to be used for this lesson. Any music sheets related to playing must be prepared and available in the classroom in advance. During the lesson I would supervise the children using the instruments and check they are using them correctly and are not messing about with them, and causing any damage to themselves, anyone else or the equipment. Pupils who have difficulties playing or holding the instruments must be supported. It is important to be a good role model by showing children how to hold and play with these instruments. I should make sure all the children follow my instructions, repeat my instructions and focus on me while I am demonstrating the instrument. At the end of the lesson I would check that the instruments are still in good condition and encourage children to put equipment away tidy and safely. During the lesson I can monitor the class and then make an observations written report that can help track the activity, behaviour, difficulties, preferences, cognitive skills and progress of each child. 2. What might be your role in organizing, using and maintaining the learning resources, materials and equipment? My role as a Teaching Assistant in this lesson, regarding organization and material, is to ensure everything is ready for the lesson before starting it. All the material should be checked for safety, hygiene, cleanliness, good state and put in the right place as agreed by the teacher. It is important to maintain a complete and accurate inventory of resources. To be able to conduct these the teaching assistant should find out from the teacher what their role is and what responsibilities they have when it comes to the organisation of the learning environment. I would encourage pupils to return materials to the correct place after they have been used. I may have to dispose of any waste and redundant resources safely and always looking for opportunities to recycle materials and equipment. I should prepare and set out learning resources in line with the preparation requirements given by the teacher. When the lesson is finished, I must ensure that each material is back to original place, and it’s not broken or damaged. Any marks should be reported to the teacher.

The Same Sexe Mariage

The aim of this article is to have a big picture of the debating on the same sex marriage and the adoption of children by same sex-couples. In fact, this question makes a real society debate in France. Nowadays, many people think that the same- sex marriage is a good evolution of mentalities, and a big step in the French culture. Indeed, the marriage for everyone is an achievement to equality and human rights. We emphasize that the marriage cannot be denied for two people who love each other. It should therefore not forget that marriage is merely a contract established by two people.And the situation in which the government is paradoxical because we should not forget that marriage for all concerns only a few thousand people in France. It is a minority. The fact that a family will be unbalanced if there are two fathers or two mothers is really unfounded. Because in some situations, two fathers or two mothers best educate children than a classic couple. And it is quite possible that tw o gay parents are divided the roles in the education of a child. Finally on this point, if this problem is a religious problem. It must not be forgotten that the state is completely independent of the church.So It has nothing to say about what the state should do. To conclude, I think marriage for all Is a good thing because It shows that the society is able to evolve In the right direction. And this would Increase the gap between church and state, which would be beneficial for everyone. Because the church can get ideas to those who believe In It. But shall In no case be put his own choice before everyone. Because for most people, the choices that the church Is Just incomprehensible. By cons, It must be noted that the case of adoption for all Is still a thing that will take time to be accepted, because It creates more problems.

Mass medias and their political role Essay

 « Medias  » comes from the latin  « media  » that designs all means of communication ; such as printing press, radio, television, Internet. There has been a mediatic revolution in Europe, and specially en France, since the end of the XIX th century, which accompanied the birth of the Republic and its main political crisis, at is allowed the expression of the public opinion. In June 29th, 1881, the Law on the Freedom of the Press allowed the liberty of expression though settling its limits such as the prohibition of defamation, against the press offences, incitements to racial hatred or attainment on other’s property and public security. This law permitted a greater involvement of the public opinion in major political crisis that happened in France since the end of the XIXth century, such as the following ones I am going to present : the Dreyfus Affair, the Vichy France and the elections of June 2002. The Dreyfus Affair : This political crisis illustrates the major role of printing press. At that time, the Jules ferry Laws had increased alphabetisation, so the press became much more accessible to lower classes of society. More newspapers were printed and sold at a far cheaper price ; it was a democratisation of the press. At the time of the Dreyfus Affair, there was a huge debate about secularism (â€Å"Laicità ©Ã¢â‚¬ ), in which the press involved itself by expressing the public opinion. L’Humanità © was more biased on a socialist point of view whereas La Croix belonged to the right wing of the political life, though it is really with the Dreyfus Case that the politicisation took place. In November 1rst, 1894, the far right-wing and antisemit newspaper La Libre Parole, accused Captain Alfred Dreyfus, of jewish confession, of having betrayed France by being a spy for Germany. Dreyfus was sentenced to death. But the public opinion was vehemently divided and represented through the press.There was the pro-Army, nationalists Anti-Dreyfusards and the  pro-Republicans, also called Dreyfusards, who led a ferocious battle against the other camp. The term â€Å"intellectual† was created at that time to design journalists that committed themselves in the affair. For exemples : – Emile Zola, a naturalist writer, publishes in January 13th, 1898, his false letter/pamphlet â€Å"J’accuse† in L’Aurore, asking for more justice from the President, and so for Dreyfus’ commutation. It was the very first engagement of intellectuals in the press. – Jean Jaurà ©s also demonstrated cleverly the innocence of Dreyfus in â€Å"Les preuves† published in La Rà ©publique. We have then an example of a bipolarised press reflecting a bipolarised public opinion. The expression of diverse voices greatly influenced the release and rehabilitation of Dreyfus in 1906, just one year after the victory of the secularism laws. WWII : The French State or Vichy France : In 1940, with the creation of the French collaborating and antisemit State, there has been a significant division of medias : – The official press became marechalist (newspaper Je suis partout), proclaiming the need for collaboration, denouciations†¦; – A clandestine, illegal press appeared (Libà ©ration) supporting the Resistance movement, in which people were encouraged to resist and to make life harder to the Occupier (sabotages, hidding illegal peole†¦.). The press had a serious influence on the behaviours of the French State’s people. But radio too took a major role in this event : – Radio Paris was tightly controlled by the governement since the first public diffusion by the radio in 1921. – Radio Londres (written this way on the internet) on the contrary did not support the german occupation so that it allowed De Gaulle to communicate with France and deliver his famous speech in June 18th, 1940, in which he encouraged French soldie rs and workers to continue fighting against the collaborators and occupiers and the inhabitants of the French State to resist. Radio was also used a well as leaflets, to improve the organisation of resistant actions. The Algerian War (1954-1962) : At the beginning of the war, the medias took great interest in this new political crisis that the government had trouble in solving. â€Å"L’Algà ©rie, c’est la France !† declares Franà §ois Mitterand, then Minister of the Interior at the TV/Radio. In fact, after the loss of Indochina, France could not afford to lose Algeria as well according to many state members. But different opinions were debated over in the press mainly (France Soir, Le Parisien Libà ©rà ©, Le Figaro†¦), by the four main radios representing round 38 millions of listeners, and the emerging but still very elitist television. When the government sent the contigent in 1956, the jounalists were very much involved in illustrating the public opinion and the Ifop (an institute of survey and opinion polls) revealed that the polls mainly revealed a global wish for negociations rather than fightings. But the government did not want to lose its credibility and censored the press, getting hold o f some (L’Express), and arrested some of the most vehement journalists. But some newspapers (L’Express and La France-Observateur) and authors (Franà §ois Mauriac) denonced the political measures and repression to make it transparent to the public. There was no more stability in the French government and DeGaulle was asked to come back to power in 1958, which he did, at the price that a new Constitution should be put into office and that the fifth Republic shall be claimed. De Gaulle used as he did a few years before, the power of medias as a tool to communicate with the French people, mainly using the ORTF, The Office de Radiodiffusion Tà ©là ©vision Franà §aise, which monopolised Frenc TV emissions and allowed him to put forward his own opinion. This allowed him to avoid the putsch of the generals in April 1961 (they wanted to take power in Alger in order to maintain the French Algeria against De Gaulle’s policy of negociations) by directly talking to the called in order to discourage them from helping the generals. Finally Algeria became independent with the Evian Accords in 1962. But a few years later, with May 1968 it clearly appeared that the government controlled no longer the medias, which became more and more  independent and were less used as an influencial tool of the government, but only as a mean to express opinions or to give more information (ex : the presidential elections of June 2002, when the Internet, newspapers and televion altogether permitted a mobilisation of the voters against Jean-Marie Le Pen.)

Coporate International Outsourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Coporate International Outsourcing - Essay Example The firms that are involved in the practice should take the decision to offshore work only after serious consideration. Some companies’ outsourcing decisions have backfired and they had to reconsider their outsourcing mission (Ren & Zhou, 2006). DELL was forced to move back its OptiPlex desktops and Latitude laptops in November 2003 from India after complaints from customers of language difficulties and delays in reaching senior technicians. Lehman Brothers too had to shift their call center operations back to the US from India after they received complaints of service quality. There basically seems to be a lack of understanding of the economics of outsourcing. The call center supply chain strategy has not been studied. There are various costs that are not considered and people merely take into account the direct labor costs. Moller (2006) says there is a trend to export jobs to where it is cheaper and low-cost economies in Asia are receiving all the jobs. This article points out the problems that the developed countries may face when jobs are offshored to less developed countries. The new labor-cost efficiencies may not last for long and this is the main reason why firms outsource. In India, in cities like Bangalore and Hyderabad, there is already a shortage of skills and above average salaries are required to obtain and retain them. The impact of outsourcing on the LDCs has prompted many countries to make efforts and capitalize on the opportunity. King (2007) discusses how new economies are opening and marketing their countries in a bid to get a slice of the outsourcing jobs. Estonia, for instance, has been able to offer a pool of talented, tech-savvy workers and a modern telecommunications infrastructure. According to King, the global market for shared services and outsourcing is expected to grow to $1.43 trillion by the end of 2009, from $930 billion in 2006. Many countries are joining in the competition and it is expected that India’s dominan ce in the outsourcing market would be diluted. The author gives the important factors that make and sustain a location as an attractive destination for outsourcing. Apart from costs, the other factors include the education and language skills of workers, the availability of labor, and attrition risk. Political and economic environment are equally important. To remain attractive, the LDCs have to invest in improving technology and infrastructure. The telecommunications infrastructure has to be modernized. Technology has to be used by these countries to transform economies. It also requires changes in policies and procedures. The protectionist attitude has to be done away with if a country wants the total support from the outsourcing company. Kenya wants to become an attractive IT outsourcing destination and it has to liberalize its telecom sector. This indirectly helps the LDCs as competition in any sector drives the prices down as Kenya found in its telecom prices. The shortfall of talented labor can be envisaged in each of the LDCs and this issue has to be addressed by such countries to remain sustainable.               Ã‚  

You Decide ... It's a memorandum Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

You Decide ... It's a memorandum - Coursework Example An anencephalic infant has been born in the hospital. It is evident to medically aware community that no anencephalic baby would live for long as this is a condition when the baby is born without a considerable portion of scalp, skull and brain. This condition is caused by the cephalic head end of the neural tube failing to close during pregnancy. But this child was born with a small stem of brain. Hence, she could not be declared brain dead legally. The law of this state does not permit declaring a person brain dead, if the person had even a partly functioning brain. The infant was kept on ventilator as at that time the metabolic functions of her body were working to an extent. The doctors could convince the parents of the child about the non retrievable condition of the baby and they agreed to donate her heart for the treatment of an infant who had a critical heart condition. That infant too was admitted in this hospital. The issue of legal compliance remained. Waiting for this pro blem to be resolved, could have a consequence of loosing an opportunity to save the life of the second infant as well. It was in this painful dilemma that I found myself. There was also the tissue type matching to be done to find out whether the second infant’s body would accept the heart from the body of the first infant. Tissue type matching could be carried out successfully only if tissues are retrieved from the donor within 24 hours of the stopping of heart beat. So, waiting for the heart to cease beating naturally would reduce the chances of conducting a successful tissue type matching. Though the parents of the child were supportive of the decision that I wanted to take, some relatives had a different opinion owing to some religious considerations. According to their religion, death can be accepted only when the heart beat stops, they said. But as John Stuart Mill (2007, pp.78) has rightly put, I believe that, â€Å"the sentiment of justice appears to me to be, the animal

HR Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HR Management - Assignment Example According to Wilcox and Lowry it is the reframing and repositioning of HRM practices as the businesses strategic partner that makes employees the important economic resources (2006, pp. 50-64). There are two major views and perspectives when it comes to Human Resource Management. These are the instrumental or hard practices and the humanistic or soft practices. Instrumental practices focus on the quantitative and strategic approaches towards people management. In this case, it mainly provides a highlight of the economic value of human resources. It focuses on how these resources are important in maximizing the performance of the organization (Lee-Ross & Pryce 2010, p. 66). As such, they can be used to provide a firm’s competitive advantage. It is these HRM practices that can be aligned with the other activities in the business and strategies of the organization to promote some of the other additional practices such as restructuring, outsourcing and downsizing, which are considered to be strategic actions. The instrumental or hard HRM practices include labor legislations. On the other hand, the humanistic or soft HRM practices are those that include functions of orga nizational development, management of conflicts, and education of human resource, organizational culture, leadership development and components that contribute in building of relationships. They are more employee-centered and put into account the humanness within employees as it considers them to be proactive contributors to the firm (Harris, Wijesinghe & McKenzie 2010, p. 129). It makes more emphasis on the need for commitment, job satisfaction, motivation, trust and knowledge. In this sense, it helps in the enhancement of the level of employee engagement, development, participation and autonomy in addition to the participation in decision making activities and collaboration. Between these two kinds of HRM practices it is the humanistic

River Plate Trust, Loan & Agency Company Ltd Essay

River Plate Trust, Loan & Agency Company Ltd - Essay Example The operation of the companies in the region suffered a setback in the period when the financial crisis of 1930 was felt; however, some companies strived strove to become international firms. One of the companies formed by the Morrison Group in the River plate region was the River Plate Trust, Loan, and Agency (RPTLA), which was formed for in 1881 for three main reasons. The first reason for the formation of the firm was the acquisition of assets as a trust. This was accomplished by the acquisition of the assets of the Mercantile Bank of the River Plate, and the second reason was the provision of loan facilities to the people in the region. This was done through the lending of money in form of mortgages in Argentina and Uruguay, and among the last reasons was the performing of financial agency duties for individuals and firms in the River Plate Region. Another reason for the formation of the firm was the motivation to invest in the mortgage business in the River Plate Region, and the expected high economic growth of the region. The previous occupations of the major stakeholders in the firm were also a big factor in the formation of the RPTLA. ... RPTLA was founded by seven members, John Gorst, Sidney Herbert, Frederick Fearon, Cornelius Cox, Edward Ashworth, Edward Griggs and John Taylor, who went on to become the first board members of the new company. These seven individuals were mostly stakeholders in the Mercantile Bank, either as shareholders, board members, or liquidators, and the rest of the board members were related to the bank in some way. For example, one of the shareholders, Leon Isaac, was part of the family that owned most of the Mercantile Bank. Some other members were politicians, while others were directors of other financial institutions. One example of a director is Griggs, who was a major director in the now defunct Trust and Loan Company of Canada, while some other members were business people and merchants. The similarity of these individuals was drawn around financial institutions, since they were either members of the fallen Mercantile Bank, or former members of other financial institutions in the regi on. The social system in place at the time indicated that the first directors of the RPTLA were in social class 1 and 2, which was reserved for professionals, gentry, and major businesspeople. A year after the formation of the RPTLA, a former senior partner at Ashurst, Morris and Company, John Morris, was appointed as the new Chairman and Managing director of the RPTLA (Slinn, 1997). Under the administration of Morris, the organizational structure of the company was reformed, and the principles that he placed in place guided the company through its entire lifetime. As previously stated, the members of the board of RPTLA were in some way related to the Mercantile Bank, and Morris was no exception, since he was in charge of the law firm that liquidated the bank. This indicates that the

Discuss the assessment and treatment issues that arise when managing Essay

Discuss the assessment and treatment issues that arise when managing violent people - Essay Example Even though most people in the society have been exposed to violence mostly through media, and occasionally in person, not everyone react in the same vein. But certain people are more vulnerable and they react in such way that can be harmful to others and sometimes even to the person who indulges in violence. In most cases, they are referred to as psychiatric cases which require intervention and treatment from qualified personnel along with support and help from other sections of the society. The growing complexity of the society, lack of caring and isolation have resulted in many people not being able to react logically, resulting in them being labeled as violent. The society and the government in most advanced societies have recognized this fact and the need to assess and treat such people in the hope that their behavior can be managed to a certain extent. Many people who become unreasonably violent often end up in the custody of law or institutions that cater to treatment of such people. This paper is a review of assessment and treatment that arise in the management of violent people, especially those who are already convicted and are in prison. In the process, it will evaluate various factors like risk, rehabilitation, recidivism, prediction of behavior, and effectives of treatment and rehabilitation. The concept of violence can be relative to a large extent among different societies and even within sections of a society. But a commonly accepted meaning would be an act that harms other people either physically or mentally. Violence can be intrapersonal and interpersonal. The former refers to doing harm to the self in ways like hurting oneself or trying to commit suicide. The latter which has more consequences refers to harm done by a person to others. But actual acts of violence are directly related to the mental health of an individual according to Daniel J Flannery. His book

The effect of reverberation and amplification on sound localisation Thesis

The effect of reverberation and amplification on sound localisation - Thesis Example In reverberant environments, most hearing impaired listeners are aware to the disturbance of the signals caused by the reverberation. However, when reverberation is minimum, the actual cause of disturbance is not clear to them and hence can be very frustrating. Localising a sound source in the horizontal plane relies mainly on two different sources of information: The differences in time of arrival of the sound at the two ears, and the level differences at the two ears. These time and level differences are called interaural time differences (ITD) cues and interaural level differences (ILD) cues. Recent improvements in hearing aids, such as compression and filtering, can significantly alter ITDs and ILDs. The digital processing to input signals tend to restrict the availability of fine timing cues, forcing the listener to rely on level cues. The effect of digital processing in hearing aids on the hearing aid wearers use of localisation cues in different listening environments is not well understood. The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the effect of reverberation on the localisation abilities of normal hearing and hearing impaired listeners. Moreover, to investigate the effect of Siemens Prisma 2M hearing aids utilizing the localisation cues. Two main sets of experiments were conducted, The first set (4 experiments) were performed on normal hearing listeners to study the effect of reverberation and signal onset/offset times on their localisation abilities for different stimuli signals (i.e. Speech, high-pass speech-low-pass speech, pink noise, 4 KHz pure tone, and 500 Hz pure tone and under different reverberant environments. The second set of experiments was conducted on twenty eight Bilateral Siemense Prisma 2M wearers. They were tested under both reverberant and anechoic conditions, with and without the hearing aids. Signals used were speech stimulus, pink noise, high-pass pink noise and low-pass pink

Rosetta Stone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rosetta Stone - Essay Example The Rosetta Stone contains a priestly decree in honour of Ptolemy V which was set up in a major temple. (Wilson, 2004, p. 31) It is said that European archaeology in Egypt began during the French expedition when French soldiers accidentally discovered the Rosetta Stone, however the greatest contribution to the stone was made by Jean-Francis Champollion who after twenty-three years of struggle and work out on studying hieroglyphs was able to uncover the secrets behind 'Rosetta stone' in 1822. Champollion was the one who is held responsible for opening the doors to modern Egyptology. According to Reid (2002) "The French expedition is solely responsible for finding Rosetta Stone as without their expedition there would have been no description of ancient Egypt. It is the stone who brought before us the decipherment of hieroglyphics, otherwise it would have been delayed and, until the decipherment, most pharaoh history would have remained missing. Therefore, the onus is on the stone who revealed modern Egypt and Egyptology". (Reid, 2002, p. 14) The French soldiers after discovering the Rosetta Stone while digging fortifications, left Egypt on the threshold of Anglo-French geopolitical rivalry. This situation fatally weakened the Mamluks (slave soldiers), thereby paving the way for Muhammad Ali. In this context the stone was responsible for a major change occurrence economically, politically and culturally through Muhammad Ali's reign. In archaeology, the French expedition and Muhammad Ali's reign ushered in a new era where the emphasis was given to decipher 'Rosetta Stone'. However the stone paved the way to the decipherment of hieroglyphics and the birth of modern Egyptology, and the Description advanced the documentation of pharaoh art, architecture, and topography. (Reid, 2002, p. 32) Most notably, the 1799 discovery of the Rosetta Stone, a trebly-inscribed stone fragment unearthed by his army during Napoleon's Egyptian campaigns, presented the general as the heroic person likely to unlock the mysteries of ancient Egypt by translating hieroglyphs. Linguistic Significance: Rosetta stone is actually the surviving fragment of granite is inscribed with the decree to guarantee lands and endowments to the temples of Egypt. What is carved on the stone is called the Ptolemaic decrees, written in praise of the then pharaoh. The written text on the Rosetta Stone revealed that the same text on the stone is written in three different languages: Greek (for the ruling administration of the day), Egyptian hieroglyphs (for the gods), and Egyptian Demotic (for a common man). The range of languages reflects the strata of Egyptian society at this time and the lines of communication. Even though the Rosetta Stone was handed over to the British as part of the spoils of the Napoleonic War, the texts had by then been copied and were later sent all over the world. The process of decipherment required several stages as each of the principles behind the script was discovered. With hindsight, it seems as if it were a step-by-step progression, but in fact often one person would have a good idea, but would continue to use other incorrect assumptions at the same time. So, the final triumph came from deciding which of the many permutations

Globalisation in Kenya Essay Example for Free

Globalisation in Kenya Essay Globalisation is the process of integrating the world community into a common system,on the economical and social grounds. The economic integration is the initial phase globalization,which ensures reduction of geographical inequalities by first creating jobs and business opportunities all over the world. This is then followed by social integration which is the second phase of globalization. (www. worldbank. org/kenya ) Globalisation involves the opening up local standards to measure with the international standards. Globalisation in this context implies the process of transforming a country to a higher level in terms of economic and social development. United Nations Development Program is a global Development Network,that purports to create change and connect countries to knowledge,exposure and resources that enable their citizens lead a better life. It was established in Kenya in the the year 1964,by then known as Technical Assistance board. It was a a kind of agreement with the Kenyan Government. This program operates on attaining the following objectives;creating job opportunities,empowerment of the community,assist in enhancing security, Sustainability and Strategic Outreach. ( http://www. ke. undp. org/index. htm ). UNDP-Kenya involve itself actively in poverty reduction through improved groups which create employment and continuous income generation made possible. It ensure community empowerment by advocating the human rights,gender,judicial reforms and police. Security is enhanced through peace and security projects, without forgetting its role fighting out the spread of HIV/AIDS among the Kenyan sustainability projects address the preservation and conservation of Kenyan natural resources for the future generations,where strategic Outreach involves in creating an environment for in promoting partnerships for Aid and donor coordination and advocating initiatives related to sustainable human Development and mainstreaming of Kenyas policy,planning and visioning frameworks. The UNDP-Kenya also gives intelligence on socio-economic trends ,resulting from periodic analysis. Kenya is in East Africa and it was initially called Kirinyaga and later named Kenya,a name derived from the second highest Mountain in Africa. It is a country composed of people from different ethnic groups ranging over forty two tribes,with diverse cultures, making a total population of over thirty millions people. Statistics show that 80% percent of the Kenyan population are mostly farmers(www. worldbank. org/kenya ),and they live in dispersed rural settlements. The remaining 20% of the population lives in concentrated urban areas of Nairobi and Mombasa. The country is faced by problems like ethical divisions,drought,poverty and and the HIV/AIDS Epidemics,(http://www. fh. org/cdi_kenya ). Kenya is among the countries with highest population growth in the world,and it frequently experiences droughts,implying that it is unable to sustain its growing population . Poverty in Kenya can be seen evaluated from various angles ranging from increased dependency,inability to participate in development activities,high level of unemployment,inability to feed its population,lack of proper housing ,inappropriate and poor health facilities,inability to educate the young ones and in meeting their basic needs. The country is lacked as being the 30th most unequal societies globally in terms of resource distribution and gender biasness,where the top 10% of the of the population controls the Kenyas wealth. The group of people that is adversely affected by abject poverty includes the pastorals communities,agricultural laborers,unprofessional workers,female headed households,orphans and street families. (World bank website). Poverty reduction. Kenya is characterized by a high level of poverty like most developing countries of Africa,which a huge percentage of its population leaving below the the poverty line. This calls for intervention in attaining economic globalisation. UNDP-Kenya actively involves itself in poverty reduction throughout creating a favorable environment for trade,investment expansion and creation of employment among the Kenyan population. The enhancement of a favorable environment for trade automatically encourages both local and foreign direct investments which later leads to more employment opportunities hence income for the Kenyan population which increases their level of income,that adversely reduce poverty and increase the national output. At the executing level in attaining these goals,UNDP undertakes projects that involve improved groups ,which generate income and create employment. The projects are carried out in conjunction with the Government of Kenya ministries mostly the ministry planning and the ministry of youth affairs,and Non Governmental organizations at the community level. UNDP ensures the achievement of the above objectives in reducing poverty by the observation of the following practices; Resource development for Kenyan Capital market Authority,direct support to the Agricultural sector it being the backbone of the Countrys economy specifically in the tractor project,the development of bee and Honey products export processing related industries,provide professional and expert support to the Kenya Private sector Alliance,support the youth Employment scheme and the small enterprises Program,growing sustainable Business program,women empowerment in the â€Å"fanikisha† project,creating a link between the informal sector and trade opportunities, and last the enhancement of foreign direct Investments in commissioning the United National Conference on trade and Development(UNCTAD) to review the Countrys Investment laws and policies. UNDP gives an hand to exporters , small scale producers , manufactures and service industry a link to export marketers, and provides technical assistance to targeted products and developing their markets. This adds value to the Kenyas exports and thus a common good to the countrys economy and its people welfare. Democracy and good governance are the basis for the social Globalisation and it involves the respect of human rights,observation of just and the rule of law. This ensures smooth running of the government and the efficient allocation of resources , without forgetting accountancy in the use of public services. UNDP ensures Democracy and good governance is exercised in the country in Major national and local level institutions. It acts as a watchdog for the Kenyan people in ensuring efficiency,effectiveness,transparency,accountability and equality in the provision of public services and perpetuating the public confidence in ht e governments financial management system. UNDP ensures this by giving a hand in budgeting,planning and economic management process. The practices of UNDP that guarantees the achievement of Democracy and governance include the following; Engineering the formation and capacity building of Public Reform and Development Secretariat which design development priorities,improve the development partner relations and approving public money spending. UNDP also ensures democracy through community empowerment through active participation in ensuring that humanity and human rights are observed like in support of Women Advocacy through federation of women lawyers in Kenya who solely specialize in ensuring that women rights are not violated,establishing organizations taking care of needs of persons with disabilities,empowering of youth through the ministry of youth affairs,providing elections assistance programs and giving a hand in the implementation Human Rights in attaining a sustainable human Development. UNDP-Kenya supports the attainment of the the countrys new constitution and its willingness are assessed in its participation in support for the referendum, co-financed by Department of Finance and International Development, Swedish International Development Agency, Norway and Netherlands. UNDP-Kenya supports the public sector reforms,enables parliamentary participation,supports anti-corruption efforts, and also gives an hand in Kenya restoring the rule of law and observation of justice through creating awareness about the human rights,in an attempt to assist Kenya attain millennium development goals. Ensuring that there exists security is wide sphere among the Kenya communities,ranging from physical security to the provision of basic needs like food and health. Kenya is characterized with poor disaster management and preparedness which lead to massive destruction on a calamity striking,leading to a bigger loss than when measure we to me taken on either disaster management or preparedness. Calamities strike from natural to human initiated. UNDP-Kenya actively participates in ensuring food security,safety from physical harm and conflict, and healthy security. It tries to reduce the danger and the vulnerability of the population to natural catastrophes like drought and flood,and the man made catastrophes like war,in working closely with the Kenyan government,civil society and other United Nations agencies. It achieves its purported objectives by building disaster capacity management,mitigation,prevention and preparedness. Kenya is prone to inter-ethical wars because of its many different ethical communities, and UNDP ensures the formulation of policies that and programs that prevent conflict ,and rather promote peace and co-existence among the Kenyan communities. Health issues are addressed through the Programs HIV/AIDS prevention policies. Environmental management and conservation. Kenya is characterized by environmental abuse in terms of pollution , the inappropriate way of disposing refuse and depletion of indigenous species. This call for an intervention so as to conserve the environment and its constitutes for the coming generations and better stay of the current generation,in either protecting the species or avoiding the break up of health complications. UNDP actively involves itself in the environmental conservation and management and poverty into Kenyas National policies,planning process and strategies,reinforce community environment and natural resources governance,and ensure the development of sustainable energy sources and distribution of the energy in meeting the household needs,that generate income by creating employment opportunities and in meeting the energy requirements in other sectors of the Kenyan economy. Reaching out to donors and Consultants, and the provision of advocacy. There is normally a gap between the potential donors and the governments that need aid,and this is due to lack of negotiation ground and lack of trust. This requires an Intermediary in joining the to ends,which is in this case UNDP in Kenya,which also provide the advocacy. UNDP-Kenya provides an avenue for the Kenyan population to get assistance from within and outside the country. This is through its intensified network in Africa and all over the world given that its a global organization t helps in promoting partnership for both foreign and domestic aids and donor coordination and advocacy initiatives intended for sustainable Human development and its coming going into the Kenyas policy,planning and focusing framework. It also gives the Kenyan government an underground hand in preparing papers and reports for presentation in consulting Group meeting. Conclusion. Globalisation is seen as an integration of the world on either economically or socially in meeting the international standards. Economics integration involve the opening up of trade channels,investing all over the world and most importantly meeting the international standards. Social integration normally come after economic integration and it involves improving the peoples welfare in terms of their living standards,life style and respect human right through an informed judicial system that respects law and justice. United Nations development is an international network that solely aims at improving humanity by connecting countries to knowledge,exposure and resources that enable their citizens lead a better life. It is a vehicle to globalisation in the countries where it is established are mostly in the Developing countries like Kenya. Kenya like any other developing countries faces problems that need to be solved by reorganizing themselves and setting out solutions through a third party assistance. UNDP is among the third party participants in ensuring globalisation in Kenya and it intervenes through small improved groups,and in giving the government of the day technical advice and at times given responsibility to act on behalf of the government,given its expertise in analysis and implementation in attaining globalisation. It intervenes through its specialized programs in ensuring security in terms of food,health and physical security,it provided outreach services to the country in acting an advocacy role between donors and government,it directly involves it self in projects that reduce poverty by reaching the affected groups directly,it provides the government of the day with professional issues like budgeting and related economic issues like strategic planning. References Food for the child website: http://www. fh. org/cdi_kenya Tripod Website: http://lautbry. tripod. com/cpce/globalization/index. htm United Nations Website: http://www. ke. undp. org/index. htm

Driving Stick Shift Essay Example for Free

Driving Stick Shift Essay Learning to drive a stick shift is one of the things I mastered in life because of the effort and practice I’ve invested. I can still remember the day I learned how to drive a manual transmission car. My cousin stopped by our house and I asked him to teach me how to drive. The only problem was his car was a stick shift. I honestly got intimidated by those horrendous three pedals and that hair-chilling gear shifter, but nothing stopped me from wanting to learn because I knew it would be worth it and I thought I would make me look cooler. So he grabbed the keys and drove to a parking lot that had a wide empty road. He stopped, turned off the car, got out and said â€Å"Okay, your turn. † So I began the initiation into the high art of driving a stick shift. He gave me all the instructions, he told me to press down on the clutch so I can start the car. I kept my left foot on the clutch and put the car in first gear. I slowly released the clutch as I was slowly pressing on the gas pedal. Then, boom! I stalled and the car shut off. My cousin started laughing. I tried to get the car started again and I still stalled on my fifth attempt. He continued laughing while giving me advices. Finally, on my sixth attempt I got the car going. When he saw that I could stop and get the car moving normally and shift gears without grinding the clutch, he gave me the green light to drive to the main streets and freeways. It took me a lot of practices and effort before I got the gist of it. It was all worth it, I actually enjoyed it and promised that my next car would be a stick shift. At first I thought having a stick shift car would only make me look cooler, but when I had my own car I actually learned that it’s less expensive then automatic cars, gets better gas mileage and most of all it’s simply more fun!

Nonlinear Optical Phenomena in the Infrared Range

Nonlinear Optical Phenomena in the Infrared Range Various aspects of nonlinear optical phenomena in the infrared range Yu Qin Nonlinear optics is a branch of optics, which describes the behavior of light in nonlinear media, where the dielectric polarization P responses nonlinearly to the electric field of the light E. This is a very broad concept. In this thesis, we focus our study on three aspects of nonlinear optical phenomena in the infrared wavelength range: the characterization of a mid-infrared ultrashort laser by autocorrelation based on Second Harmonic Generation (SHG), the influence of the beam mode on the interaction between laser and media during nonlinear propagation of femtosecond near-infrared pulses in liquid, and the dynamics of the ablation of solid samples submerged in liquid using a long nanosecond near-infrared laser. Many energy levels of molecules and lattice vibrations are in mid-infrared wavelength range of 2.5-25 Â µm. For this reason, this wavelength range is called chemical fingerprint zone. Infrared absorption spectroscopy using light source in this wavelength range has been widely used identify different covalent bonds in many kinds of samples. Besides, by irradiation of an intense and short laser pulse whose wavelength is tuned to the resonance, a specific molecular band absorbs the pulse energy, and specific chemical reaction is excited. For this reason, tunable mid-infrared ultrafast lasers have a lot of potential applications in energy and material science, i.e., the production of alcohol or hydrogen from H2O and CO2, and the development of next-generation solar cells. Kyoto University Free-electron Laser (KU-FEL) is an oscillator-type free-electron laser, which works in the mid-infrared wavelength range of 5-13 Â µm. In temporal domain, the pulses from KU-FEL have a dual-pulse structure. In a macropulse with the duration of a few microseconds, thousands of micropulses sit with the interval of 350 ps between each other. Due to its special lasing dynamics, the wavelength instability of this kind of Free-Electron Laser (FEL) is relatively worse compared with optical lasers, i.e., at the working wavelength of 12 Â µm, this instability is around hundreds of Gigahertzes, which is comparable to the bandwidth of the vibrational modes. For those potential applications in which resonances are involved, stabilization of the wavelength of KU-FEL is necessary. And before that, we should first know the amount of wavelength instability. Besides, similar to all other ultrashort pulse lasers, micropulse duration of KU-FEL is very important information for applic ations such as nonlinear optics. For these purposes, in this thesis, we report the measurements of both the duration and wavelength instability of KU-FEL micropulses using the technique of Fringe-Resolved AutoCorrelation (FRAC). For temporal characterization of ultrashort pulses, standard techniques such as Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating (FROG) and Spectral Phase Interferometry for Direct Electric-field Reconstruction (SPIDER) are invented more than ten years ago, which can give a single-shot measure for both the amplitude and the phase of the electric field, even for the pulses with the durations down to few cycle. Both FROG and SPIDER are spectrum-resolved measurement, for which the 2D array detector (CCD) is required to measure the single-shot spectrum. However, such kind of detectors for the mid-infrared wavelength range is very expensive, and not available in our institute. Under this condition, we perform an autocorrelation measurement of KU-FEL, and try to find the information about pulse duration and wavelength instability for the results. Autocorrelation is a kind of well-known technique, which is invented more than thirty years ago. It is usually used for a rough estimation of the pulse duration of ultrashort laser pulses. In this thesis, by a systematic study of the influence of the wavelength instability on the signal of FRAC measurement, we first propose a method of measuring the wavelength instability of micropulses of an oscillator-type FEL by FRAC. Besides, we find that, by integrating the FRAC over the delay time, we can measure the duration of an ultrafast pulse, without knowing the chirps in advance. To the best of our knowledge, this finding has not been reported anywhere else, and it can save us from an additional Intensity AutoCorrelation (IAC) measurement. Both of the above mentioned methods work well when applied to an FRAC measurement of KU-FEL at the wavelength of 12 Â µm. The durations and the wavelength instability of the microoulses are measured to be ~0.6 ps and 1.3%. This technique can be also applied for characterization of ultrashort pulses at other wavelengths, where 2D array detectors are not easily available, i.e., for the extreme-ultraviolet case. Since our autocorrelation measurement is based on SHG, which is a second order nonlinear process, good focusablity of the laser beam is required to reach the high intensity at the focus position. To test the focusibility of the KU-FEL, a measurement of M2 factor of KU-FEL is carried out by the 2D knife-edge method before the autocorrelation measurement. The most convenient way to measure the M2 factor of a laser is to measure the beam profile at different distances from the focus by a beam profiler, and analyze the results. The reason why we choose the old-fashioned knife-edge method is still the lack of 2D array detector in this wavelength range. The beam profiles at different distances from the focus are reconstructed from the results of knife-edge scanning in both horizontal and vertical directions. During the data analysis, the beam of KU-FEL is found to have the non-Gaussian beam profile. As a result, the analytical methods developed for Gaussian beams under the knife-edge measu rement do not work for our case. Taken the non-Gaussian property of the beam into consideration, some special and original treatments are taken during the data analysis. With the development of the Ti:sapphire laser and the chirped pulse amplification (CPA) system, high power at the order of Terawatt becomes available at the wavelength of around 800 nm. This has attracted a lot of interests on the studies of nonlinear optics, such as the generations of attosecond pulses, Terahertz radiations, high order harmonics, and supercontinuum spectra. From the beginning of this century, the filamentation induced by femtosecond pulses during propagation in nonlinear media has been a hot topic. During the nonlinear propagation of femtosecond pulses, due to the balance between self-focusing, plasma defocusing, and nonlinear loss, the intense part of the laser beam collapses to a spot with very small diameter, which can propagate for a distance much longer than the Rayleigh length. This phenomenon is called filamentation. Because of the long focal depth of the filamentation, it has many applications such as laser machining, Laser Imaging, Detection and Ranging (LA DAR), and long distance Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. Besides, strong spectral broadening occurs during filamentation, and the coherent white light is generated at the central part of the beam. This effect is widely used for pulse compression. And for the reason of high time resolution, this coherent white light also serves as a good light source in spectroscopy. Most of the studies about filamentation have used Gaussian beams as the incident beams. Recently, the axicon lens has made the generation of Bessel beam much easier. Many groups have focused their studies on the filamentation induced by Bessel beams. Compared with Gaussian beams, Bessel beams keep the high on-axis intensity for even longer propagation distance, thus can produce longer filamentation. We perform a comparison study of filamentations generated by Gaussian and Bessel beams. Since the pulses we can use are splitted from a CPA system, which contain the energy of 200 Â µJ, we choose the liquid as the nonlinear media. Compared with gaseous media, liquid has much larger nonlinear coefficient, so that the nonlinear effect can be observed at much lower incident power, and in a much shorter propagation range. Besides, unlike solid media, we can use the liquid sample for long time during experiment, without worrying about the laser-induced damage. During this experiment, we have confirmed the resistance of Self Phase Modulation during the propagation of Bessel beam, which is also reported in some papers by other groups. The experimental results and qualitative explanations are reported in this thesis. When an intense laser pulse is focused on the material, plasma is generated. During this process, small portion of the material to be analyzed gets atomized and excited, and emits light. By collecting and analyzing the spectra of the emitted light, we can detect the constituents of the material, or even the relative abundance of each constituent element. This technique is called Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Compared with other similar techniques, LIBS has many advantages, i.e., in principle, it can detect all elements, and can analyze any matter regardless of its physical state, be it solid, liquid or gas. Since during a single shot in the LIBS measurement, the mass of the ablated material is in the range of picogram to nanogram, the LIBS is considered to be non-destructive. Another important advantage of LIBS is the easiness of the sample preparation. For most of the cases, the sample does not require any treatment before LIBS measurement. For this reason, LIBS can be applied for in-situ multi-elemental analysis. And due to its fast analysis time, LIBS can be used for a realtime composition measurement. Nd:YAG laser at fundamental wavelength (1064 nm) is most often used during LIBS experiments. It has several advantages, i.e., the scattered laser light does not influence the measurement of the visible spectra, and compared with shorter wavelength, laser at this wavelength has better heating effect on the laser-induced plasma. Compared with LIBS of solid sample in gaseous media, LIBS of solid sample under liquid is more complicated. In such condition, if the single nanosecond pulse is used for ablation, the measured spectra are always deformed and broadened, which is due to the strong confinement of plasma plume in liquid environment. One solution of this problem is to use the double pulses LIBS, during which the first pulse can generate a bubble near the surface of the sample, in which the plasma produced by the second pulse can expand. Another solution is to use the long nanosecond pulses, which have the durations of more than 100 ns. During long pulse LIBS, the diameter of the laser-induced bubble can reach hundreds of micrometers at the trailing part of the pulse, which provides a space with low density for the plasma plume to grow. Compared with the double pulses LIBS, the advantage of the long pulse LIBS is that, it can be applied for the measurement under very high pressure. However, if the double p ulses LIBS is applied under such condition, the bubble generated by the first pulse can not grow to a size large enough for the plasma plume generated by the second pulse to expand inside. And as a result, the double pulses LIBS loses its advantage. In this thesis, we report our experimental study of long pulse LIBS of solid samples under liquid. Two experiments are included. The first one is to optimize the laser focus position, and the second one is to study the influence of solvent temperature on the ablation dynamics. The results of these experiments can help us better understand the dynamics of ablation during long pulse LIBS of solid sample submerged into liquid.

The Emotion of Fear Essay -- essays research papers

Fear Do all living things fear something? Those with minds surely have many and various fears, but even the simplest organisms must have fear, for fear is such a powerful feeling. Fear is all around us and is felt in every corner of the earth. Fear is the emotion or feeling that a living creature gets when its physical or mental life is interrupted by a change that causes the creature concern.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We humans especially, fear many different things: death, disease, old age, commitment, noises in the night, pain, responsibility, work, being too fat or too thin, or any number of other things. Some of our fears are reasonable and rationale, like the fear for our safety so we lock our doors at night, never walk alone on dark streets, and turn on lots of lights to keep the boogie man away. We fear for our health so we diet, exercise, and eat only healthy foods. Our fears can also help us make wise decisions: where to live, what to do with our money, how to raise our children, even what kind of car to drive and whether or not to drive it. Our fears may be sudden like when your kid brother jumps out behind you and yells ‘boo’. People’s fears can be built up over a long period of time, for example, during the cold war millions of people thought that at any moment they would be attacked by the Russians, so they built bomb shelters because of that fear. Some of our fears come straight from our imagination. They may appear irrational or silly to others but fear, real or imagined, i...

HARLEY DAVIDSON Essay -- essays research papers

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Harley-Davidson is the largest market share holder of motorcycles over 750cc in the United States. After the expansion of our production and distribution capacity, we will be in the position to meet the increasing demand for our motorcycles and other products.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Growth potential appears very good especially in the overseas market. Gaining a larger market share in these area may require a further increase in production and distribution capacities. We must plan for expansion now and continue to grow as a company. COMPANY DESCRIPTION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Milwaukee, William Harley, 21, and Arthur Davidson, 20, began experiments on taking the work out of bicycling. They were soon joined by Arthur’s brothers, Walter and William. Many changes were made to the engine design before its builders were satisfied. After the new looped from was finalized, they were ready to begin production. In 1903 they produced three motorcycles. Harley-Davidson erected its first building the current Juneau avenue site in 1906 and incorporated in 1907. In 1907 Harley-Davidson produced 150 motorcycles. SITUATION ANALYSIS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The motorcycle market over 750cc has been increasing over the last five years. The Harley-Davidson 1996 model year production line, sold though a world wide network of more than 1,000 dealers, includes 20 cruiser, factory custom and touring motorcycles, as well as police motorcycles. Harley-Davidson benefits form having one of the world’s most recognized and respected brand names and our motorcycle model names are among the best known in the industry: The Competition and Market share   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This chart shows the competition and market share for 1995 in the United States: Current Market Situation Overall   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Net sales for 1995 of $1.4 billion were $191.6 million, or 16.5%, higher than net sales for 1994. Net income and earnings per share from continuing operations were $111.1 million and $1.48, for 1995 as compared with $96.2 million and $1.26, for 1994. Net income and earnings per share from discontinued operations were $1.4 million and $.02, for 1995 as compared with $8.0 million and $.11, for 1994, which included a $4.6 million, or $.06 per-share, one-time tax benefit related to the legal reorganizat... ...Harley-Davidson dealerships), bringing the year-end total to approximately 150. In 1996, the Buell team will complete its study of the European sport/performance market, which is four times larger than its U.S. counterpart, to prepare for a possible future launch there. Promotion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The majority of our advertising comes from bike rallies and special events that are held that are held across the United States. Our Rallies draw between 5,000 and 200,000 people. The majority of the attendants are Harley owners. Harley Davidson as an organization does very little mainstream advertising. BUDGETS CONTROL AND ACCOUNTABILITY   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Standards should be specified in terms of sales, and production. Costs should be identified and target cost levels specified to facilitate their control. Standards should be established in terms of consumer’s attitudes. Attitude standards, in terms of perceptions, and desires should be specified. Controls should be implemented and monitored by appropriate administrators. The president, vice-president, administrators, and other individuals should be responsible for controlling the marketing mix implemented.

juveniles and the death penalty :: essays research papers

The American Revolution: Revolutionary or Not? In determining whether or not the American Revolution was a true revolution, one must clearly define the term ?revolution?. Historians believe that for a war to be deemed a revolution it must encompass social, religious, economic, and intellectual dimensions as well as political change. I believe that the American Revolution conclusively exhibited all of these dimensions. Socially, America began with modern values unlike those of their British ancestry. The moral of equality was the foundation on which our nation began. When the tension grew between the colonies and England, the new ideology spread and began to widen to include almost all people. First, people began to realize that they did not necessarily live in a way which modeled their belief in equality. This, in itself shows the beginnings of a true revolution in that the people begin to see the need for change even within their own families, social groups, and lifestyles. After recognizing changes were needed, transformations began to occur in the colonies. For instance, a new position for women as upright citizens and leaders of the society emerged, and most states granted women equality of inheritance. Also, social distinctions such as status-seating at church and membership to private social clubs were attacked and diminished. People began referring to themselves as Mr. or Mrs., terms that illustrated the equality of all people, regardless of class or prestige. In addition, because most men were allowed a vote, education of the population became a priority. Nationalism spread as the people of America came to understand their common goals and needs. The concept of constituent power allowed for social changes also, as the people came to believe that the power rested in the will of the people, which caused them to gain self trust and esteem. People focused so much on equality and the rights of all people that in the south, several states passed laws which repressed the importation of slaves and made it easier to free slaves; in the north, slavery was outlawed in most states, and abolitionist groups arose. During the Revolution, the American people also formed new intellectual standpoints. The most respected thinkers of the time began to shift their focus to concentrate on creating political change. Men such as Ben Franklin, and other inventors theologists, and philosophers began to focus on concerns such as economic growth, constitutional revision, and westward expansion, rather than philosophy and theology.

Book Review: When Genius Failed Essay

Lowenstein’s ability to come up with a concise, coherent story and his experience in financial journalism is strongly evident in this book. Not only can Lowenstein weave together and tell a great story (this author felt he was being led through the history of the fund and its characters by one of its inner partners while reading through this book), he also pays attention to details whenever it is needed – and he succeeds greatly by catching many important subtleties (such as in the beginning of Chapter one when he used one of those â€Å"subtleties† in Meriwether’s early areer to explain the basis of LTCM’s core business model and the subtle, but gradual â€Å"style drift† that brought down the hedge fund afterwards) as well as making many interesting observations along the way (such as the fatal flaw LTCM committed when it started engaging in stocks arbitrage as opposed to sticking to bond arbitrage). 7. Concept: Unsystematic Risk. A specifi c risk is a risk that affects a very small number of assets. This is sometimes referred to as â€Å"unsystematic risk†. In a balanced portfolio of assets there would be a spread between general market risk and risks specific to individual components of that portfolio. Unlike systematic and market risk, specific risk can be diversified away. A diversified portfolio is the realisation of the proverb â€Å"don’t put all your eggs in one basket†. As Irish investors become more sophisticated in their strategies, they look beyond the risks of stock-picking to managing risk through diversified, balanced investment portfolios. Mr. Fitzgerald, portfolio manager for Hibernian Investment Managers said that often the first step in reducing risk is investing in pooled investments like mutual funds, unit trusts and unit-linked funds. It’s a toe-in-the-water position, they begin with cautiously-managed funds, and then as they grow in wealth or experience they may choose a managed fund with higher equity content† Source: Margaret E. Ward, The Irish Times, 2nd July 1999. 10. Concept: The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). William Sharpe the Capital Asset Pricing Model in 1964. Parallel work was also performed by Jack Treynor, John Lintn er and Jan Mossin. CAPM is used in finance to determine a theoretically appropriate required rate of return of an asset. It considers a simplified world where there are no taxes and transaction costs, all investors have identical investment horizons and identical opinions about expected returns, volatilities and correlations of available investments. This model states that the expected return on a specific asset equals the risk-free rate plus a premium that depends on the asset’s beta and the expected risk premium on the market portfolio. CAPM extended Harry Markowitz’s modern portfolio theory and of diversification to introduce the notions of systematic and specified risk. Source: www. google. com 11. Concept: Capital Budgeting. Capital Budgeting or Investment Appraisals are the planning processes used to determine a firm’s long term investments such as new machinery, replacement machinery, new plants, new products and research and development projects. This is the process of identifying which long-lived investment projects a firm should undertake. US entertainment giant Warner Brothers investigated a possible high-tech back office studio development in Belfast. Executives from the group conducted an appraisal of possible investment opportunities on the site. The group planned a high-tech quarter in Belfast, which it hoped would attract multimedia, informatics and telecoms firms to set up in Northern Ireland. Source: Francess McDonnell, The Irish Times, 7th August 2001. 18. Concept: Financial Management. This is managing a firms internal cash flows and its mix of debt and equity financing, both to maximise the value of the debt and equity claims on firms’ and to ensure that companies can pay off their obligations when they come due. This is illustrated through financial reporting; the dream of consistent and uniform systems of financial reporting around the world is a seductive one. It is also elusive. The problem is that, however great the attempts at providing a universally acceptable standard, the differing goals of the world’s reporting regimes get in the way. Europe and about a 100 other countries go for the International Financial Reporting Standards (IRFS) whereas, the US stand alone and stick to their US generally accepted accounting (GAAP) yet seek reconciliation from the IRFS. It is the electronic tagging and analysis system XBRL that will enable the elements of a company’s financial reports to be accessed by users and reconfigured to provide whatever information the user wants. Mr. Cox, the Securities and Exchange Commission chairman said he was â€Å"looking forward to a future in which XBRL, US GAAP and IFRS would be interconnected and hence the problem of global comparability would be solved†. Source: Robert Bruce, Financial Times, 4th January 2007.

Characteristics of the breakfast cereal industry Essay

Brand History Breakfast cereals are not a homogenous product. The ready-to-eat breakfast cereal industry may be characterized by relatively low economies of scale and relatively low levels of technology. In other words, the entry into this industry is easy. Between the 1950s and the 1970s there was no entry of new firms in the industry even though all the incumbent firms such as Kellogg, General Mills, General Foods and Quaker Oats, made significant profits. Later however, there was the entry of new low-end companies in the markets and the number of brands sold by these firms also increased substantially from 25 to more than 80, and this number is still on a rise (Cabral, 2000, p. 265-266). Pricing trends For decades the breakfast cereal market was one of the most profitable in the United States. The industry had a consolidated structure dominated by Kellogg, General Mills and Kraft Foods with its Post brand. Strong brand loyalty, coupled with control over the allocation of supermarket shelf space, helped to limit the potential for new entry. Meanwhile the steady demand growth of around 3% per annum kept the industry revenues expanding. Also Kellogg, which accounted for over 40 percent of the market share, acted as the price leader in the industry for years in the industry. Every year Kellogg increased cereal prices, its rivals followed and industry profits too remained high. However, this favorable structure started to change in the early 1990s when the growth in demand slowed and then stagnated as the lifestyle and hence food patterns changed and the market saw the rise of powerful discounters such as Wal-Mart that started promoting their own brand of cereal. As sales of cheaper store-brand cereals began to take-ff, supermarkets no longer were as dependent on brand names to bring in traffic and hence they started to demand lower prices from the branded cereal manufacturers. Initially, the branded cereal manufacturers tried to hold against these adverse trends. However, in 1996 Kraft which was then owned by Philip Morris aggressively cut prices by 20 % for its Post brand in am attempt to gain market share. Kellogg son followed with a 19 percent price cut on two-third of its brands and General Mills quickly did the same. However, this too did not change the consumption pattern the growth rates of which remained flat and revenues then started going down for all the branded cereals (Hill, Jones, 2009, p. 52). The trend continued in 2000s also and the situation worsened with the private-label sales continuing to make inroads, gaining over 10 percent of the market. To top it all off, the sales of breakfast cereals started to contract at 1 percent per annum and the period between 1998-2001 saw the market leader Kellogg sliding down to the 2nd position for the first time in its history since its inception in 1906, by General Mills that continued to launch expensive price and promotion campaigns. To cover the rising cost General Mills raised prices in 2001 and competitors soon followed the trend. However, both Kellogg and General Mills tried to move further away from price competition in the industry by diversifying and focusing on brand extensions such as Special K on the behalf of Kellogg and new varieties of Cheerios. Special K was instrumental and helping Kellogg recapturing its market leadership position from General Mills and this renewed focus on non-price competition halted years of damaging price warfare (Hill, Jones, 2009, p. 52). Target markets The breakfast cereal industry targets several diverse markets but focuses upon two large ones namely the baby boomers and their children. Since a high proportion of the baby boomers are highly educated, health appeals are paramount. Thus many brands have placed emphasis on various types of oat-bran cereal. The other sizeable market, targeted to children is also highly developed. Various brands have successfully used sports personality and trade characters such as Tony the Tiger to attract the children towards their products and retain brand loyalty. The breakfast cereal industry has been adept at target market segmentation and promoting favorable brand images. The strategy of the overall industry especially Kellogg, the market leader, has been to provide a comprehensive assortment for the retailers targeting specific market segments (Michman, Mazze, 1999, p. 109-111) Competition Breakfast cereal industry faces competition from hand-held breakfast products such as bagels, muffins, doughnuts etc. These have in fact led to a decrease in the growth of the breakfast cereal industry. The industry also faces competition from frozen waffles, pancakes, and French toast brands which have proved to be a concern both in the past and the present. Many analysts consider that the competition is due to the change in dietary habits, though some also say that this has been due to th increase in cereal prices for the branded segment (Michman, Mazze, 1999, p. 112-113). Advertisements and Promotional activities From the time of WH Kellogg, the breakfast cereal industry has been dependent on marketing strategies and expensive promotions. In fact in 1909 itself the advertisement budget of Kellogg had reached 1 million per annum. Needless to say this is a major problem in the industry which has become price sensitive in present times. This activity has led to a decrease in profits and considering that the market share has not increased since the 1990s, this has become even more of a problem. There were also many insufficiencies generated by coupons and in-store promotions. For instance, more than 95 percent of the cereal coupons were thrown away and not redeemed and approximately half of the promotional expenditures did not reach the consumers in the form of lower prices. Because of these inefficiencies, as well as congressional investigations and competitive treats, the breakfast cereal industry has moved to lower prices. As the returns earned by the cereal manufacturers exceed most other grocery products, there is fierce competition among manufacturers (Michman, Mazze, 1999, p. 113-114). Factors contributing to success and failure There are a combination of variables that contribute to the successes and failure of the breakfast cereal industry. These variables and strategies include innovation, target-market segmentation, image, physical environment resources, and human resources. Such factors must be combined in various degrees for success. The breakfast cereal industry has shown innovation in product and packaging strategies. In addition to this, breakfast snack bars are a new innovation. The image of the breakfast cereal industry has been positive enough to withstand the assault of private-label brand sot a large extent. Also cereal manufacturers with their successful track records and huge advertisement budgets do not have much difficulty in convincing retailers to give their new product introduction a chance. In 1970s, Kellogg designed shelf space allocation programs for supermarkets. Sophisticated computers and programs developed by members of the breakfast cereal industry now help to allocate shelf space according to turnover. The breakfast cereal industry has also been successful in designing packaging for shipping and for display purposes. To sell their product brands and retain the company brand value, the breakfast cereal manufacturers have developed the strategy that links the brand name to the company name instead to identifying brand products by their individual brand names. For instance, Kellogg’s Rice Krispies and Special K, as well as General Mills’ Total Raisin Bran and Total Corn Flakes use this strategy. To fend off private brand competition by offering product line depth and high brand identification (Michman, Mazze, 1999, p. 114-115).

Emotional Rollercoaster

In the story, The Jacket by Gary Soto is about a boy who wants a jacket but previous jacket have failed. He tells his mom what kid of jacket he wants and it’s a nice description of leather. Although he thinks that she understood, because he talked to her the whole time while she prep for dinner. He comes home to see what jacket he got and discovers an old guacamole jacket, which makes him throw his books on his bed. Since it’s not the jacket he wanted, he thought of crying because it is so ugly and big.Once again a discovery of disappointment because he try’s on the jacket and makes him look ugly, so he threw it on his brothers bed and stared it down for a long time. After that he decides to play with the dog, swing his arm whistling like a bird, and the dog bites him. Damn dog I thought to see if I was bleeding, and pushed him away when he tried to bite me again. Then he wore the jacket to the sixth grade, and got a D on his math quiz, which shows he didnâ€℠¢t study for upcoming test.He starts to no longer do his homework, started getting C’s on quizzes, forgetting state capitals, and the rivers of South America. This shows that the is very conscious and very nervous because of the jacket. After that, all during that time no love came to me†¦ I stayed with the ugly boys who leaned against the chain link fence, it shows that he letting the jacket win and is not very out going. Next, I blame the jacket†¦ I blame my mom for her bad taste, and her cheap ways. He is always the first to blame other people and seems he doesn’t want to take responsibility.Then, ready to cry, I climb the tree by the alley, the tree must be a safe place and/or a comfort place to get away from things. Finally, I stared up the alley†¦ that green ugly brother, who breathe over my shoulder that day and ever since. He must have inferred the green brother as the jacket he finally accepted. In conclusion, the story does show what many peopl e go through each day with items they don’t want, don’t have a comfort place to go, and lessons learned in The Jacket by Gary Soto.

A Medium of Exchange and a Unit of Account Versus Money

These Short Essays are partial fulfillment of Paper IE1001 of Part 1 of Certified Islamic Finance Professional (CIFP) [DRAFT V0. 5] INCEIF Student Name: Mustafa Aydemir Student ID: 1200279 IE1001 Assignment in Islamic Economics – Short Essay No 3 by Mustafa Aydemir – DRAFT Version 0. 5. doc -1- Bismillahirrahmanirrahim Essay No. (3) Money and Islam – A Medium of Exchange and a Unit of Account versus Money as a Commodity Everybody is using money. Most of us want it; we work for it and think how to get more of it. Therefore, it is vital to ask what money is, where it comes from, and what money is worth.Economics is an academic discipline that tries to answer those questions. It would be to long and lengthy to discuss about money creation and growth from A-Z but in the following paragraphs the subject matter is elaborated from the conventional as well as the Islamic worldviews. Money in the conventional sense is a commodity people use in exchange for goods and servi ces. Before money was used as a medium of exchange, barter trade was practiced whereby people trade goods and services in exchange for other goods and services.However, barter trade was considered not so practical as weighing, transporting and dividing goods was difficult. It was the lack of transferability and inefficiencies that created the need for better ways of exchange. The concept of money was born. There are different types of money that developed over time, which should be presented briefly. Commodity money is defined as valuable goods, which were used as an underlying for a currency, such as gold, silver, coffee or even tobacco. The biggest advantage of this kind of currency was its portability and easy storage.Another example of commodity money is the U. S. currency before 1971, which was backed by gold (Investopia). Fiat money is the paper money currently circulating in our world that is not convertible in any other type of money. It is used in our daily life where we bu y and sell goods and services. Fiat money is basically not backed by any commodity but by a government that guarantees its value and creates a perception and faith in people that it is worth it. It is simply needed because gold is IE1001 Assignment in Islamic Economics – Short Essay No 3 by Mustafa Aydemir – DRAFT Version 0. . doc -2- rare on this planet. The perception created is, that the stronger the economy, the stronger is the value of its money. It is important to understand, that money is valuable because we want it, but we want it only because it can get us a desired product or service. Money is generated by a kind of an uninterrupted collaboration between physical things, our elusive desire for them, and our theoretical trust in what has value. That is why printing fresh money will not enrich a nation. Another type of money is named credit money.Investopia defines credit money as â€Å"Any future monetary claim against an individual that can be used to buy go ods and services†. There are many forms of credit money, such as IOUs, bonds and money market accounts. Virtually any form of financial instrument that cannot be repaid immediately is considered credit money. Economists measure money in M1, M2 and M3 defined as follows. M1 money includes all coins and currency that is physically available, travellers checks, demand deposits, checking accounts that is used to make payments.M2 money is all the money in M1 plus saving accounts, timelinked deposits and non-institutional money-market funds. M3 money is all the money in M2 plus all large time-deposits, liquid assets, institutional money-market funds, and short-term repurchase agreements. M1+M2+M3 together is the total supply of money in an economy, the â€Å"broad money† Money fulfills the three main functions. It is used as a medium of exchange. Furthermore, money is a unit of account that is a numerical unit of measurement for transactions, goods and services.IE1001 Assignm ent in Islamic Economics – Short Essay No 3 by Mustafa Aydemir – DRAFT Version 0. 5. doc -3- Lastly, money is used to store value that can be retrieved and used again. In Islam money is not a commodity, which makes all the difference. It is not considered as a commodity that should be used for a price, but rather as a medium of exchange in business transactions Money as a commodity concept is prohibited, because it contradicts Islamic principles that does not recognize money as a tool to make profit. Money is only a medium of exchange, a way of defining the value of a thing; it has no value in itself, and therefore should not be allowed to give rise to more money, via fixed interest payments, simply by being put in a bank or lent to someone else. † (INCEIF Lecture Notes p. 81). Money used as a commodity would presumably divide the society into the poor and the rich, even countries into categories rich and poor economies neglecting their national debt levels. Peop le or nations in need for cash, deficit units, borrow money from people or nations with additional cash, surplus units.They are required to pay a fixed interest payment for their loans. This is riba and is clearly illegal according to Shariah law because it enriches surplus units without any contribution to the real economy. Consequently, people in need for money would take a high risk of becoming even poorer. Compound interest is the big problem that creates money out of thin air. Moreover, the so-called fractional banking system that creates 100. 000 USD out of a 10. 000 USD deposit, 90. 000 USD can be considered fictional money. 1Title: Concept of Money from Islamic Perspective; Class: Islamic Economics [IE1001]; Prof: Dr. Magda Ismail Abdel Mohsin; Institution: INCEIF; Date: 8/16/2006 # Of Pages: 44 IE1001 Assignment in Islamic Economics – Short Essay No 3 by Mustafa Aydemir – DRAFT Version 0. 5. doc -4- The rich is getting richer relatively faster than involvement into the real economy, because money creates more money without work required and Many countries fall into the trap of borrowing money from the International Monetary Funds, in particular Muslim states.The weaknesses of money as a commodity, hit those countries with all its evil as borrowed money doubles, multiplies and compounds. Consequently future generations are affected. The current generation is living in exaggerated prosperity on the cost of many future generations. Money is Islam should not be hoarded and kept in the bank savings account. Instead, money is required to circulate within the economy freely to benefit frequently, continuously, proactively and directly the society at large. This leads to the basic principle of interest prohibition and replaces this Riba system with that of Al-Bay.A system that is very different from Riba. The principle paradigm is risk sharing to allow borrowers and lenders to share rewards. The process of wealth accumulation and distribution in the economy is fair and just and fits the spending (infaq) criteria of Al-Bay suggested by the following verses. â€Å"Those who eat Riba (usury) will not stand on the Day of Resurrection except like the standing of a person beaten by Satan leading him to insanity. That is because they say: â€Å"Al-Bay is only like Riba,† whereas Allah has permitted Al-Bay’ and forbidden Riba.So whosoever receives an admonition from his Lord and stops eating Riba shall not be punished for the past; his case is for Allah (to judge); but whoever returns [to Riba], such are the dwellers of the Fire – they will abide therein. † (2-275) The verse (2-261) states the incentive of spending in the way of Allah swt by counting the great reward and the blessing that an individual get from one single transaction: Then the following verse (2-262) puts the conditions for infaq to be accepted, and that is for Infaq not to be followedIE1001 Assignment in Islamic Economics – Shor t Essay No 3 by Mustafa Aydemir – DRAFT Version 0. 5. doc -5- by Riya (show-off) or by harming anyone or harming the society as a whole. Even if the spending is based on charitable purposes mentioned in verse (2-263), no reminding of it and no harm should be resulted from spending process. Indeed, a kind speech and asking for forgiveness would have better impact. So infaq has to be fully for the sake of Allah swt. (2-264). The consequences of Infaq being not for the sake of Allah are serious as there would be neither Baraka nor growth.Verse (2-265) shapes the objective of spending and is to be for the sake of Allah and his reward so the profile of gain and loss in Infaq is different from the ordinary thinking. In conclusion, the definition of money and the way wealth is accumulated and spend draw a fine line in the distinction of both the conventional versus the Islamic economic system. As money is a medium of exchange, savings does not yield interest income but instead requi re business transactions.Al-Bay as the system of exchange that is based on the concept of spending (Infaq) and risk sharing for any single transaction between parties of exchange. It is notable that Tijarah and Bay are of two different meanings. Tijarah is for the individuals that are setting up the business that has the aspect of long term. It becomes clear that lots of efforts have to be spending in education, elucidation and clarification of the consequences by a simple definition of money. 2 2 This meaning can be clarified by looking verse: (2-282) â€Å"And do not be too weary to write it, whether it is small or arge, for its specified term. That is more just in the sight of Allah and stronger as evidence and more likely to prevent doubt between you, except when it is a Tijarah which you conduct among yourselves. †So we can understand from this verse that Tijarah is among some people that the conduct it among themselves. (61-10) â€Å"O you who have believed, shall I gu ide you to a Tijarah that will save you from a painful punishment? † So, we can sense the longterm involvement in this transaction as Allah swt stated that for in the following 3 verses 11,12 &13. 1 â€Å"It is that you believe in Allah and His Messenger and strive in the cause of Allah with your wealth and your lives. That is best for you, if you should know. †12 â€Å"He will forgive for you your sins and admit you to gardens beneath which rivers flow and pleasant dwellings in gardens of perpetual residence. That is the great attainment. † 13 â€Å"And you will obtain another favor that you love – victory from Allah and an imminent conquest; and give good tidings to the believers. † IE1001 Assignment in Islamic Economics – Short Essay No 3 by Mustafa Aydemir – DRAFT Version 0. 5. doc -6-

1948 by George Orwell

1948 by George Orwell Essay In 1948 Eric Blair, better known as George Orwell, wrote a book with chilling insights into the future, 1984. In that book he describes in detail how the government of Oceania manipulated the truth and regulated feelings and thoughts. An irrational future for society, perhaps not even today in the media there are ways of lying to us and making us think what they want by showing us what they want us to see. In 1984, Thought Police watch the people through telescreens, microphones and helicopters. Many people do not believe this will come true because they do not see it happening. However, it is entirely conceivable that the government could be watching us now. Perhaps, though only on a small scale. Internet surveillance is one of the hottest subjects within this notion, and some people are very good at it. The people watching probably would not go directly into your account, which would be as illegal as entering your private room without a warrant. However, they could easily watch the packets of information running through their systems and rebuild the your private E-mail, or newsgroup transactions, piecing those together can be detrimental to you, as well as legal for the watcher. In order to change the future and the present you do not need to own a time machine. You simply have to control the past. In 1984 the government, or â€Å"The Party,† controlled the past. They were able to destroy all proof that something did or did not happen. The Party† was able to destroy all of the references that something, even a person, ever existed. Although one may remember that person, they could never find proof that it was true. The most alarming part about this is that it is much easier to do it in the world today. Since most information is now kept on disk, and backed up onto even more magnetic media, one could simply destroy all areas where the data said that someone had existed. Talk about a missing person. Our government is taking steps towards this type of Orwellian society all the time. It is hard to believe, but just look at recent legislation. It first started with the advent of the Social Security System. We now are required to receive serial numbers before a certain age so that we can be catalogued for this service, which I might add we will probably never receive. This seemingly innocent indexing of people has turned into a major privacy crisis. Our Social Security number is now used for everything. When one goes to college they use their number there. When you apply for a credit card or any service like this you use this number. We now have problems with people looking up our credit history using this one number. They do not even need our permission. At the time it seemed like a great idea. Which is probably how we will be duped in the future. If it isn’t bad enough that they admit they want to catalogue their citizens, our government basically admits that they need to watch them as well. There was a bill sent through Congress, which would force telecommunication companies to place a chip called the Clipper Chip into all of their products. This chip would allow the government, with two electronic keys, to watch our telecommunication transactions. They also passed an act called Digital Telephony. This bill states that the government will give a certain amount of money to large telecommunication providers (telephone mostly) to rework their networks so that the government’s men can attach themselves and listen to our private conversations. Let me repeat myself here, they are using OUR money to watch us. It is great that they can catch a criminal easier but it is not worth it to loose that freedom and live in fear. READ: The Dream that Became the Demise EssayWhile we in the U. S. are busy at our jobs in the rat race, the government is pulling the wool over our eyes. They are working towards ways to keep us in line. I don’t know if there is a great conspiracy against us. All I know is that we are being taken as suckers, and pretty soon we will have no privacy to think of. We must work to stop the evolution of these and all other destruction of privacy. We cannot allow ourselves to lose what little freedom we have left, and most of all we must always be able to say that 2+2=4 and never have to utter that, we are the dead.

Psychology experiement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychology experiement - Essay Example Their reaction to the picture will be measured by the effects of holding hot or iced tea. At the end of the experiment, they will fill out a questionnaire to measure their reaction to the weather in the picture while holding the tea. The sample size for the current study will be 12 people. The population has been selected due to the perception of weather by males and females. The questionnaire will include gender, race and questions that determine the perception of the weather in the picture while holding a hot and cold object. With that, the Iced tea group answered it was summer in the picture while the Hot tea group answered it was winter. The picture doesn't have anything that indicates weather such as people or trees. My hypothesis is that people who hold the tea would answer that the picture was taken in fall or winter because of the tea that they hold. However, the result is different. They thought it was the sea in summer when holding iced tea while the hot tea group answered it was winter. They thought it was the sea in winter except one. From there, people have different experience about sea, and weather, therefore I could not control it.

Spotlight on Obama's Foreign Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Spotlight on Obama's Foreign Policy - Essay Example However, the implementation and temperament of Obama's style will greatly impact the ways in which we negotiate with the global community. The policies of Barak Obama have fundamentally changed the ways in which we confront our adversaries in the Middle East and elsewhere around the globe. A key to Obama's strategy for engaging countries that are hostile towards the US, and present a threat to our national security, is the elimination of Bush's failed policy that mandated the need for preconditions during the negotiating process. Iran is an example where the Bush administration demanded that Tehran suspend its nuclear enrichment program before agreeing to any talks. This became a roadblock to negotiations, as the Iranians refused to give up what they perceived as a sovereign right (Anderson, 2008, p. A08). In addition, this policy has been blamed for the election of the right-wing reactionary Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in 2005, partially as a response to the US's hard line foreign policy (Zahedi and Memarian, 2007, M2). Obama's willingness to talk should bring about a thawing of relations and empower the more moderate Iranians that held power until the election of Bush (Iran moderate elected speaker, 2000). Barak Obama will further benefit from the goodwill that he has amassed from the governments and people around

Patents and Trade Secrets Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Patents and Trade Secrets - Assignment Example Targeted advertising is the most seen part during internet surfing. These advertisements can see connectedly to the user’s visited pages. Targeted advertising means unlimited reach to the internet users. This behavior is useful for the companies but an alarming sign for the users through privacy interventions (Belleflamme, 2013). The trackers are using different ways to see the privacy of any internet user, such as location tracking option. It is the easiest way for hackers to reach the target people on Facebook or google. It is sad to know that the technology is making our lives unsafe (Myhere, 2013). The internet users should be careful by not storing their important data on online devices to avoid the invading of their privacy. Another source of protection is to save the important files through old-fashioned techniques, e.g. deposit box etc. rather than depending on the new unproductive technologies (Myhere, 2013). Google has introduced ‘tool settings’ to block the advertisements by signing in to account, which is a useful option for the internet

Exporing the Social Application and Consequences of Eugenic Theory Essay

Exporing the Social Application and Consequences of Eugenic Theory Using Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray and Wells' Time Machine - Essay Example , ought to reproduce according to scientific principles to generate the best possible genetic pool†¦Eugenicists regarded their movement as a rational and humanitarian effort to improve the human condition (Barrett 497). However, the eugenics movement led to the policies adopted by Hitler and the Nazis in their genocide of the Jewish people. Germany is not the only country to have a history of eugenics in official policy; the United States sterilized many people with mental handicaps in the 1920’s under the ideal of improving the human race. The genocide of World War II and the sterilization of mentally handicapped people are examples of extreme and direct eugenic policies. There are, however, less direct ways in which eugenics is implemented, such as through social classes. People of an upper class refusing to associate and mix with people of a lower class keeps these social classes genetically separate. Such an idea can be found in The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde. H.G. Wells, however, attempts to show the consequences of implementing such a eugenics policy in his novel The Time Machine. In viewing these works together, we can see how Wells was responding to the sort of ideas found in Wilde’s work and the negative consequences of such policies. The promotion of the separation between social classes can be seen most clearly by the title character Dorian Gray and Lord Henry Wotton. In specific, we can see how their attitudes towards Dorian’s involvement with the actress Sybil Vane and Dorian’s admittance to the murder of Basil Hallward most clearly states these ideas. These attitudes, though not directly advocating eugenics, clearly would lead to the fragmented society portrayed in Wells. Dorian falls in love with the actress Sybil Vane mostly because he finds her to be incredibly talented. In eugenics, it is believed that talent is genetically linked (Field 3), so since he found her so talented she was acceptable as a mate, even